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Multiple variants of African swine fever virus circulating in Vietnam

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Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious and deadly viral disease affecting swine of all ages. ASF was first reported in Vietnam in February 2019, and it is now considered endemic in Vietnam. In this study, 122 ASF-positive samples collected from domestic pigs in 28 different provinces of northern, central, and southern Vietnam during outbreaks in 2019–2021 were genetically characterized. The findings confirmed that all ASF virus (ASFV) strains circulating in Vietnam belonged to p72 genotype II, p54 genotype II, CD2v serogroup 8, and CVR gene variant type I. However, further analysis based on the tandem repeat sequences located between I73R and I329L genes revealed that there were three different variants of ASFV, IGR I, II, and III, circulating in the domestic pig population in Vietnam. The IGR II variants were the most prevalent (117/122 strains) and were detected in pigs in all of the provinces tested, followed by IGR III (4/122 strains) and IGR I (1/122 strains). This study confirms for the first time the presence of IGR III variants in Vietnam.

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Availability of data

All sequences used in this study were submitted to the GenBank database with the following accession numbers: B646L, MZ812110-MZ812231; E183L, MZ812232-MZ812353; EP402R, MZ812476-MZ812597; IGR, MZ812354-MZ812475; pB602L, MZ812598 -MZ812719.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Vietnam National Project under project code no. DTDL.CN-53/19 and by a grant from the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (Grant no. I-1543085-2019-21-01), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

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Author notes

  1. Van Tam Nguyen and Ki-hyun Cho contributed equally to this article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Van Tam Nguyen, Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai, Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh, Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen, Xuan Dang Vu, Thi Lan Nguyen, Van Diep Nguyen & Van Phan Le

  2. Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea

    Ki-hyun Cho, Jee-Yong Park, Min-Kyung Jang & Yong-Joo Kim

  3. Bac Giang Agriculture and Forestry University, Bac Giang, Vietnam

    Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen

  4. National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Aruna Ambagala

Authors
  1. Van Tam Nguyen
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  2. Ki-hyun Cho
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  3. Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai
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  12. Yong-Joo Kim
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yong-Joo Kim or Van Phan Le.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The collected samples were from pigs that had died due to ASF. No live animals were used in this study, and therefore, ethical approval was not needed.

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Handling Editor: Ana Cristina Bratanich.

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Nguyen, V.T., Cho, Kh., Mai, N.T.A. et al. Multiple variants of African swine fever virus circulating in Vietnam. Arch Virol 167, 1137–1140 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05363-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05363-4