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Desfluran bei akute intermittierender Porphyrie

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Zusammenfassung

Die akuten Porphyrien stellen aufgrund der Vielzahl der potenziellen perioperativen Auslösemechanismen ein anästhesiologisch relevantes Krankheitsbild dar. Die Inhalationsanästhetika Isofluran und Halothan gelten als relativ sichere Medikamente. Bis heute existiert kein Fallbericht zur Verwendung von Desfluran. Wir verwendeten Desfluran bei einer Patientin mit akuter intermittierender Porphyrie (AIP) zur Hemihepatektomie. Die Anästhesie wurde als balancierte Anästhesie mit Desfluran, Sufentanil und Atracurium durchgeführt. Schon intraoperativ wurde die postoperative Schmerztherapie über einen thorakalen Periduralkatheter mit Bupivacain und Fentanyl begonnen. Wir bestimmten präoperativ die Porphyriepräkursoren in Serum und Urin und postoperativ bis zum 6. Tag im Urin. Die präoperativen Werte waren im Sinne einer AIP deutlich erhöht. Im weiteren postoperativen Verlauf sanken diese Werte massiv ab und zeigten schon am 5. postoperativen Tag fast Normalwerte. Die Patientin hatte im gesamten klinischen Verlauf nie Symptome einer AIP und wurde am 21. postoperativen Tag nach Hause entlassen. Desfluran scheint aufgrund seiner Pharmakokinetik und geringen Metabolisierung für Patienten mit AIP geeignet zu sein.

Abstract

Despite the low incidence of the acute porphyrias, a profound knowledge of the disease is essential for anaesthesiologists, as a variety of perioperatively administered drugs are potential triggers of an acute attack. There is an ongoing discussion about the use of volatile anaesthetics in porphyrias, but halothane and isoflurane seem to be safe. There is no clinical data or case report about the use of desflurane in this specific patient group, but its fast and relatively unchanged elimination and the minimal induction of the cytochrome P 450 system seem to be favorable in this setting. We report the use of desflurane in a patient with acute intermittent porphyria, scheduled for hemihepatectomy. To minimize perioperative distress by pain or the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation, we chose a balanced anaesthesia technique with desflurane, sufentanil and atracurium in combination with a continuous epidural analgesia (bupivacain and fentanyl) for the postoperative period. Preoperatively the porphyrin precursors were analyzed in serum and urine and postoperatively the 24 h-urine was screened every 2 days until postoperative day 6 to monitor the porphyria activity. The preoperative data showed high concentrations of porphyrin precursor excretion, confirming the diagnosis of AIP. The postoperative data in the 24 h-urine were significantly lower than preoperative levels and reached normal levels at postoperative day 5. There were no clinical symptoms of a porphyric attack during the postoperative hospitalization. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 21 in excellent condition. We conclude that our perioperative management prevented an acute porphyric attack in this case. Desflurane might be a valuable alternative to other hypnotics in patients with AIP.

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Notes

  1. Labor: Prof. Dr. M. Doss, Postfach 1220, 35002 Marburg an der Lahn, Deutschland.

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Messmer, M., Gerheuser, F. & Forst, H. Desfluran bei akute intermittierender Porphyrie. Anaesthesist 53, 244–248 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-003-0615-7

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