Isolationist Chinese policies restricting private maritime trading and coastal settlement during Ming and early Qing dynasties, originally motivated by Wokou piracy
Verbot privater Seefahrt in China zur Zeit der Ming-Dynastie (de)
isolationist Chinese policies restricting private maritime trading and coastal settlement during Ming and early Qing dynasties, originally motivated by Wokou piracy (en)
en Ĉinio, la malpermeso de privata transmara komerco kaj apudmarborda loĝado (1371–1842) (eo)
Porcelain, a valuable trade commodity, from the Longqing era. The underside displays the porcelain mark "Made in the Longqing [era] of the Great Ming." (en)