GoogleCloudPlatform · coryan · Feb 21, 2021 · Feb 21, 2021 · Feb 21, 2021 · Feb 21, 2021
@@ -72,10 +72,9 @@ using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpRequest;
 using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpResponse;
 
 HttpResponse HelloWorld(HttpRequest) {  // NOLINT
-  HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload("Hello World\n");
-  return response;
+  return HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello World\n");
 }
 ```
 

@@ -21,10 +21,9 @@ using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpRequest;
 using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpResponse;
 
 HttpResponse HelloWorld(HttpRequest) {  // NOLINT
-  HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload("Hello from a C++ namespace!\n");
-  return response;
+  return HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello from a C++ namespace!\n");
 }
 
 }  // namespace hello_from_namespace
@@ -21,10 +21,9 @@ using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpRequest;
 using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpResponse;
 
 HttpResponse HelloWorld(HttpRequest) {  // NOLINT
-  HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload("Hello from a nested C++ namespace!\n");
-  return response;
+  return HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello from a nested C++ namespace!\n");
 }
 
 }  // namespace hello_from_nested_namespace::ns0::ns1
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
 
 HttpResponse HelloGcs(HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
   auto error = [] {
-    HttpResponse response;
-    response.set_result(HttpResponse::kBadRequest);
-    return response;
+    return HttpResponse{}.set_result(HttpResponse::kBadRequest);
   };
 
   std::vector<std::string> components;
@@ -42,8 +40,7 @@ HttpResponse HelloGcs(HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
                        std::istreambuf_iterator<char>{});
   if (!reader.status().ok()) return error();
 
-  HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream");
-  response.set_payload(std::move(contents));
-  return response;
+  return HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+      .set_payload(std::move(contents));
 }
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpRequest;
 using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpResponse;
 
 HttpResponse HelloMultipleSources(HttpRequest) {  // NOLINT
-  HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload(Greeting());
-  return response;
+  return HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload(Greeting());
 }
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpRequest;
 using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpResponse;
 
 HttpResponse HelloWithThirdParty(HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
-  HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload(fmt::format("Hello at {}\n", request.target()));
-  return response;
+  return HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload(fmt::format("Hello at {}\n", request.target()));
 }
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpRequest;
 using ::google::cloud::functions::HttpResponse;
 
 HttpResponse HelloWorld(HttpRequest) {  // NOLINT
-  HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload("Hello World\n");
-  return response;
+  return HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello World\n");
 }
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ gcf::HttpResponse concepts_after_response(
     for (int i = 0; i != kIterations; ++i) sum += i;
     return sum;
   });
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload("Hello World!");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}.set_payload("Hello World!");
 }
 // [END functions_concepts_after_response]
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ gcf::HttpResponse concepts_after_timeout(gcf::HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
   using std::chrono::minutes;
   std::cout << "Function running..." << std::endl;
   if (request.verb() == "GET") std::this_thread::sleep_for(minutes(2));
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload("Function completed!");
   std::cout << "Function completed!" << std::endl;
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}.set_payload("Function completed!");
 }
 // [END functions_concepts_after_timeout]
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ gcf::HttpResponse concepts_filesystem(gcf::HttpRequest /*request*/) {  // NOLINT
     payload += p.path().generic_string();
     payload += "\n";
   }
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload(payload);
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload(payload);
 }
 // [END functions_concepts_after_timeout]
@@ -27,10 +27,8 @@ unsigned int make_http_request(std::string const& host);
 gcf::HttpResponse concepts_request(gcf::HttpRequest /*request*/) {  // NOLINT
   std::string const host = "example.com";
   auto const code = make_http_request(host);
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload("Received code " + std::to_string(code) + " from " +
-                       host);
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}.set_payload(
+      "Received code " + std::to_string(code) + " from " + host);
 }
 // [END functions_concepts_requests]
 

@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ std::atomic<int> count{0};
 }  // namespace
 
 gcf::HttpResponse concepts_stateless(gcf::HttpRequest /*request*/) {  // NOLINT
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload("Instance execution count: " + std::to_string(++count));
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}.set_payload("Instance execution count: " +
+                                         std::to_string(++count));
 }
 // [END functions_concepts_stateless]
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ namespace gcf = ::google::cloud::functions;
 gcf::HttpResponse env_vars(gcf::HttpRequest /*request*/) {  // NOLINT
   char const* value = std::getenv("FOO");
   if (value == nullptr) value = "FOO environment variable is not set";
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload(value);
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}.set_payload(value);
 }
 // [END functions_env_vars]
@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ namespace gcf = ::google::cloud::functions;
 gcf::HttpResponse hello_world_error(gcf::HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
   if (request.target() == "/return500") {
     // An error response code does NOT create entries in Error Reporting
-    gcf::HttpResponse response;
-    response.set_result(gcf::HttpResponse::kInternalServerError);
-    return response;
+    return gcf::HttpResponse{}.set_result(
+        gcf::HttpResponse::kInternalServerError);
   }
   // Unstructured logs to stdout and/or stderr do NOT create entries in Error
   // Reporting
@@ -50,9 +49,8 @@ gcf::HttpResponse hello_world_error(gcf::HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
                    .dump()
             << std::endl;
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload("Hello World!");
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello World!");
 }
 // [END functions_helloworld_error]
@@ -19,9 +19,8 @@
 namespace gcf = ::google::cloud::functions;
 
 gcf::HttpResponse hello_world_get(gcf::HttpRequest) {  // NOLINT
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload("Hello World!");
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello World!");
 }
 // [END functions_helloworld_get]
@@ -29,9 +29,8 @@ gcf::HttpResponse hello_world_http(gcf::HttpRequest request) {
     return std::string("Hello World!");
   };
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload(greeting());
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload(greeting());
 }
 // [END functions_helloworld_http]
@@ -52,10 +52,9 @@ gcf::HttpResponse hello_world_http(gcf::HttpRequest request) {
     return std::string("Hello World!");
   };
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload(greeting());
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload(greeting());
 }
 ```
 

@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ gcf::HttpResponse hello_world_http(gcf::HttpRequest request) {
     return std::string("Hello World!");
   };
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload(greeting());
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload(greeting());
 }
 ```
 

@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ namespace gcf = ::google::cloud::functions;
 namespace {
 
 gcf::HttpResponse HelloWithShutdown(gcf::HttpRequest const& /*request*/) {
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload("Hello World\n");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello World\n");
 }
 
 }  // namespace

@@ -96,10 +96,9 @@ gcf::HttpResponse hello_world_http(gcf::HttpRequest request) {
     return std::string("Hello World!");
   };
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload(greeting());
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload(greeting());
 }
 ```
 

@@ -45,10 +45,9 @@ gcf::HttpResponse http_content(gcf::HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
     }
   }
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_payload("Hello " + name);
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello " + name);
 }
 // [END functions_http_content]
 

@@ -23,19 +23,17 @@ gcf::HttpResponse http_cors(gcf::HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
   if (request.verb() == "OPTIONS") {
     // Allows GET requests from any origin with the Content-Type header and
     // caches preflight response for an 3600s
-    gcf::HttpResponse response;
-    response.set_result(gcf::HttpResponse::kNoContent);
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET");
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type");
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
-    return response;
+    return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+        .set_result(gcf::HttpResponse::kNoContent)
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET")
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type")
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
   }
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload("Hello World!");
-  response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello World!");
 }
 // [END functions_http_cors]
@@ -23,21 +23,19 @@ gcf::HttpResponse http_cors_auth(gcf::HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
   if (request.verb() == "OPTIONS") {
     // Allows GET requests from any origin with the Content-Type header and
     // caches preflight response for an 3600s
-    gcf::HttpResponse response;
-    response.set_result(gcf::HttpResponse::kNoContent);
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "https://mydomain.com");
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET");
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Authorization");
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
-    response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
-    return response;
+    return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+        .set_result(gcf::HttpResponse::kNoContent)
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "https://mydomain.com")
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET")
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Authorization")
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600")
+        .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
   }
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload("Hello World!");
-  response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "https://mydomain.com");
-  response.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "https://mydomain.com")
+      .set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello World!");
 }
 // [END functions_http_cors_auth]
@@ -20,16 +20,13 @@ namespace gcf = ::google::cloud::functions;
 
 gcf::HttpResponse http_method(gcf::HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
   if (request.verb() == "GET") {
-    gcf::HttpResponse response;
-    response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-    response.set_payload("Hello World!");
-    return response;
+    return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+        .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+        .set_payload("Hello World!");
   }
 
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_result(request.verb() == "POST"
-                          ? gcf::HttpResponse::kForbidden
-                          : gcf::HttpResponse::kMethodNotAllowed);
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}.set_result(
+      request.verb() == "POST" ? gcf::HttpResponse::kForbidden
+                               : gcf::HttpResponse::kMethodNotAllowed);
 }
 // [END functions_http_method]
@@ -30,9 +30,8 @@ gcf::HttpResponse http_xml(gcf::HttpRequest request) {  // NOLINT
   boost::property_tree::read_xml(is, data);
 
   auto name = data.get<std::string>("name", "World");
-  gcf::HttpResponse response;
-  response.set_header("content-type", "text/plain");
-  response.set_payload("Hello " + name);
-  return response;
+  return gcf::HttpResponse{}
+      .set_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+      .set_payload("Hello " + name);
 }
 // [END functions_http_xml]