dotnet · BillWagner · Feb 28, 2022 · Feb 28, 2022
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+module example
+
+//<SnippetAll>
+open System
+open System.Threading
+
+type LargeObject() =
+    let initBy = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
+    do
+        printfn $"LargeObject was created on thread id {initBy}."
+
+    member val Data = Array.zeroCreate<int64> 100000000 with get
+    member _.InitializedBy = initBy
+
+// The lazy initializer is created here. LargeObject is not created until the
+// ThreadProc method executes.
+//<SnippetNewLazy>
+let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>()
+
+// The following lines show how to use other constructors to achieve exactly the
+// same result as the previous line:
+//     let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>(true)
+//     let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>(LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication)
+//</SnippetNewLazy>
+
+let threadProc (state: obj) =
+    // Wait for the signal.
+    let waitForStart = state :?> ManualResetEvent
+    waitForStart.WaitOne() |> ignore
+
+    //<SnippetValueProp>
+    let large = lazyLargeObject.Value
+    //</SnippetValueProp>
+
+    // The following line introduces an artificial delay to exaggerate the race condition.
+    Thread.Sleep 5
+
+    // IMPORTANT: Lazy initialization is thread-safe, but it doesn't protect the
+    //            object after creation. You must lock the object before accessing it,
+    //            unless the type is thread safe. (LargeObject is not thread safe.)
+    lock large (fun () -> 
+        large.Data[0] <- Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
+        printfn $"Initialized by thread {large.InitializedBy} last used by thread {large.Data[0]}." )
+
+printfn """
+LargeObject is not created until you access the Value property of the lazy
+initializer. Press Enter to create LargeObject."""
+stdin.ReadLine() |> ignore
+
+// Create and start 3 threads, passing the same blocking event to all of them.
+let startingGate = new ManualResetEvent false
+let threads = [| Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc); Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc); Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc) |]
+for t in threads do
+    t.Start startingGate
+
+// Give all 3 threads time to start and wait, then release them all at once.
+Thread.Sleep 100
+startingGate.Set() |> ignore
+
+// Wait for all 3 threads to finish. (The order doesn't matter.)
+for t in threads do
+    t.Join()
+
+printfn "\nPress Enter to end the program"
+stdin.ReadLine() |> ignore
+
+// This example produces output similar to the following:
+//     LargeObject is not created until you access the Value property of the lazy
+//     initializer. Press Enter to create LargeObject.
+//    
+//     LargeObject was created on thread id 4.
+//     Initialized by thread 4 last used by thread 3.
+//     Initialized by thread 4 last used by thread 4.
+//     Initialized by thread 4 last used by thread 5.
+//    
+//     Press Enter to end the program
+//</SnippetAll>
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+module example1
+
+//<SnippetAll>
+open System
+open System.Threading
+
+type LargeObject () =
+    do
+        printfn $"LargeObject was created on thread id {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}."
+
+    member val Data = Array.zeroCreate<int64> 100000000 with get
+
+// The lazy initializer is created here. LargeObject is not created until the
+// ThreadProc method executes.
+//<SnippetNewLazy>
+let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject> false
+// The following lines show how to use other constructors to achieve exactly the
+// same result as the previous line:
+//     let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>(LazyThreadSafetyMode.None)
+//</SnippetNewLazy>
+
+printfn """
+LargeObject is not created until you access the Value property of the lazy
+initializer. Press Enter to create LargeObject."""
+stdin.ReadLine() |> ignore
+
+//<SnippetValueProp>
+let large = lazyLargeObject.Value
+//</SnippetValueProp>
+
+large.Data[11] <- 89
+
+printfn "\nPress Enter to end the program"
+stdin.ReadLine() |> ignore
+
+
+// This example produces output similar to the following:
+//     LargeObject is not created until you access the Value property of the lazy
+//     initializer. Press Enter to create LargeObject.
+//     
+//     LargeObject was created on thread id 1.
+//     
+//     Press Enter to end the program
+//</SnippetAll>
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+module example2
+
+//<SnippetAll>
+open System
+open System.Threading
+
+//<SnippetLargeCtor>    
+type LargeObject() =
+    static let mutable instanceCount = 0
+    let initBy = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
+    do
+        if 1 = Interlocked.Increment &instanceCount then
+            raise (ApplicationException "Throw only ONCE.")
+        printfn $"LargeObject was created on thread id {initBy}."
+//</SnippetLargeCtor>
+    member _.InitializedBy = initBy
+    member val Data = Array.zeroCreate<int64> 100000000
+
+//<SnippetFactoryFunc>
+let initLargeObject () =
+    LargeObject()
+//</SnippetFactoryFunc>
+
+// The lazy initializer is created here. LargeObject is not created until the
+// ThreadProc method executes.
+//<SnippetNewLazy>
+let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject> initLargeObject
+
+// The following lines show how to use other constructors to achieve exactly the
+// same result as the previous line:
+//     let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>(initLargeObject, true)
+//     let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>(initLargeObject, LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication)
+//</SnippetNewLazy>
+
+let threadProc _ =
+    //<SnippetValueProp>
+    try
+        let large = lazyLargeObject.Value
+
+        // IMPORTANT: Lazy initialization is thread-safe, but it doesn't protect the
+        //            object after creation. You must lock the object before accessing it,
+        //            unless the type is thread safe. (LargeObject is not thread safe.)
+        lock large (fun () -> 
+            large.Data[0] <- Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
+            printfn $"Initialized by thread {large.InitializedBy} last used by thread {large.Data[0]}.")
+    with :? ApplicationException as aex ->
+        printfn $"Exception: {aex.Message}"
+    //</SnippetValueProp>
+
+printfn """
+LargeObject is not created until you access the Value property of the lazy
+initializer. Press Enter to create LargeObject."""
+stdin.ReadLine () |> ignore
+
+// Create and start 3 threads, each of which tries to use LargeObject.
+let threads = 
+    [| Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc); Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc); Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc) |]
+for t in threads do
+    t.Start()
+
+// Wait for all 3 threads to finish. (The order doesn't matter.)
+for t in threads do
+    t.Join()
+
+printfn "\nPress Enter to end the program"
+stdin.ReadLine() |> ignore
+
+// This example produces output similar to the following:
+//     LargeObject is not created until you access the Value property of the lazy
+//     initializer. Press Enter to create LargeObject.
+//     
+//     Exception: Throw only ONCE.
+//     Exception: Throw only ONCE.
+//     Exception: Throw only ONCE.
+//     
+//     Press Enter to end the program
+//</SnippetAll>
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+module example3
+
+//<SnippetAll>
+open System
+open System.Threading
+
+//<SnippetLargeCtor>
+type LargeObject() =
+    static let mutable pleaseThrow = true
+    do
+        if pleaseThrow then
+            pleaseThrow <- false
+            raise (ApplicationException "Throw only ONCE.")
+        printfn $"LargeObject was created on thread id {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}."
+//</SnippetLargeCtor>
+    member val Data = Array.zeroCreate<int64> 100000000
+
+//<SnippetFactoryFunc>
+let initLargeObject () =
+    LargeObject()
+//</SnippetFactoryFunc>
+
+// The lazy initializer is created here. LargeObject is not created until the
+// ThreadProc method executes.
+//<SnippetNewLazy>
+let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>(initLargeObject, false)
+
+// The following lines show how to use other constructors to achieve exactly the
+// same result as the previous line:
+//     let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>(initLargeObject, LazyThreadSafetyMode.None)
+//</SnippetNewLazy>
+
+printfn """
+LargeObject is not created until you access the Value property of the lazy
+initializer. Press Enter to create LargeObject (three tries)."""
+stdin.ReadLine() |> ignore
+
+//<SnippetValueProp>
+for _ = 0 to 2 do
+    try
+        let large = lazyLargeObject.Value
+        large.Data[11] <- 89
+    with :? ApplicationException as aex ->
+        printfn $"Exception: {aex.Message}"
+//</SnippetValueProp>
+
+printfn "\nPress Enter to end the program"
+stdin.ReadLine() |> ignore
+
+// This example produces output similar to the following:
+//     LargeObject is not created until you access the Value property of the lazy
+//     initializer. Press Enter to create LargeObject (three tries).
+//     
+//     Exception: Throw only ONCE.
+//     Exception: Throw only ONCE.
+//     Exception: Throw only ONCE.
+//     
+//     Press Enter to end the program
+//</SnippetAll>
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//<SnippetAll>
+open System
+open System.Threading
+
+//<SnippetCtorFinalizer>
+type LargeObject(initBy) =
+    do
+        printfn $"Constructor: Instance initializing on thread {initBy}"
+
+    override _.Finalize() =
+        printfn $"Finalizer: Instance was initialized on {initBy}"
+//</SnippetCtorFinalizer>
+    member _.InitializedBy = initBy
+    member val Data = Array.zeroCreate<int64> 100000000 with get
+
+// Factory function for lazy initialization.
+//<SnippetFactoryFunc>
+let mutable instanceCount = 0
+let initLargeObject () =
+    if 1 = Interlocked.Increment &instanceCount then
+        raise (ApplicationException $"Lazy initialization function failed on thread {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}.")
+    LargeObject Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
+//</SnippetFactoryFunc>
+
+// The lazy initializer is created here. LargeObject is not created until the
+// ThreadProc method executes.
+//<SnippetNewLazy>
+let lazyLargeObject = Lazy<LargeObject>(initLargeObject, LazyThreadSafetyMode.PublicationOnly)
+//</SnippetNewLazy>
+
+let threadProc (state: obj) =
+    // Wait for the signal.
+    let waitForStart = state :?> ManualResetEvent
+    waitForStart.WaitOne() |> ignore
+
+    //<SnippetValueProp>
+    try
+        let large = lazyLargeObject.Value
+
+        // The following line introduces an artificial delay to exaggerate the race condition.
+        Thread.Sleep 5
+
+        // IMPORTANT: Lazy initialization is thread-safe, but it doesn't protect the
+        //            object after creation. You must lock the object before accessing it,
+        //            unless the type is thread safe. (LargeObject is not thread safe.)
+        lock large (fun () -> 
+            large.Data[0] <- Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
+            printfn $"LargeObject was initialized by thread {large.InitializedBy} last used by thread {large.Data[0]}.")
+    with :? ApplicationException as ex ->
+        printfn $"ApplicationException: {ex.Message}"
+    //</SnippetValueProp>
+
+// Create and start 3 threads, passing the same blocking event to all of them.
+let startingGate = new ManualResetEvent false
+let threads = 
+    [| Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc); Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc); Thread(ParameterizedThreadStart threadProc) |]
+for t in threads do
+    t.Start startingGate
+
+// Give all 3 threads time to start and wait, then release them all at once.
+Thread.Sleep 50
+startingGate.Set() |> ignore
+
+// Wait for all 3 threads to finish. (The order doesn't matter.)
+for t in threads do
+    t.Join()
+
+printfn "\nThreads are complete. Running GC.Collect() to reclaim extra instances."
+
+GC.Collect()
+
+// Allow time for garbage collection, which happens asynchronously.
+Thread.Sleep 100
+
+printfn "\nNote that only one instance of LargeObject was used."
+printfn "Press Enter to end the program"
+stdin.ReadLine() |> ignore
+
+// This example produces output similar to the following:
+//     Constructor: Instance initializing on thread 5
+//     Constructor: Instance initializing on thread 4
+//     ApplicationException: Lazy initialization function failed on thread 3.
+//     LargeObject was initialized by thread 5 last used by thread 5.
+//     LargeObject was initialized by thread 5 last used by thread 4.
+//     
+//     Threads are complete. Running GC.Collect() to reclaim extra instances.
+//     Finalizer: Instance was initialized on 4
+//     
+//     Note that only one instance of LargeObject was used.
+//     Press Enter to end the program
+//     
+//     Finalizer: Instance was initialized on 5
+//</SnippetAll>