This study investigates risk factors and complications associated with preoperative and postoperative traumatic coagulopathy (PPTIC) in trauma patients and evaluates PPTIC risk prediction using 10 machine learning (ML) models. Data from 10,023 MIMIC patients were divided into training (70%) and test (30%) sets, while an additional 3,212 patients from three other centers were used for external validation. Used https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn