diff --git a/llvm/docs/ReleaseNotes.md b/llvm/docs/ReleaseNotes.md
index 6fb206e4df188..411cefe004e16 100644
--- a/llvm/docs/ReleaseNotes.md
+++ b/llvm/docs/ReleaseNotes.md
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ Makes programs 10x faster by doing Special New Thing.
 Changes to the LLVM IR
 ----------------------
 
+* It is no longer permitted to inspect the uses of ConstantData
+
 * The `nocapture` attribute has been replaced by `captures(none)`.
 * The constant expression variants of the following instructions have been
   removed:
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Constants.h b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Constants.h
index a50217078d0ed..7b1dbdece43f7 100644
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Constants.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Constants.h
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ template <class ConstantClass> struct ConstantAggrKeyType;
 /// These constants have no operands; they represent their data directly.
 /// Since they can be in use by unrelated modules (and are never based on
 /// GlobalValues), it never makes sense to RAUW them.
+///
+/// These do not have use lists. It is illegal to inspect the uses.
 class ConstantData : public Constant {
   constexpr static IntrusiveOperandsAllocMarker AllocMarker{0};
 
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Use.h b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Use.h
index a86b9c46c1f69..bcd1fd6677497 100644
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Use.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Use.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 namespace llvm {
 
 template <typename> struct simplify_type;
+class ConstantData;
 class User;
 class Value;
 
@@ -42,10 +43,7 @@ class Use {
 
 private:
   /// Destructor - Only for zap()
-  ~Use() {
-    if (Val)
-      removeFromList();
-  }
+  ~Use();
 
   /// Constructor
   Use(User *Parent) : Parent(Parent) {}
@@ -87,19 +85,10 @@ class Use {
   Use **Prev = nullptr;
   User *Parent = nullptr;
 
-  void addToList(Use **List) {
-    Next = *List;
-    if (Next)
-      Next->Prev = &Next;
-    Prev = List;
-    *Prev = this;
-  }
-
-  void removeFromList() {
-    *Prev = Next;
-    if (Next)
-      Next->Prev = Prev;
-  }
+  inline void addToList(unsigned &Count);
+  inline void addToList(Use *&List);
+  inline void removeFromList(unsigned &Count);
+  inline void removeFromList(Use *&List);
 };
 
 /// Allow clients to treat uses just like values when using
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Value.h b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Value.h
index bf1de7eef9932..180b6238eda6c 100644
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Value.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/IR/Value.h
@@ -116,7 +116,10 @@ class Value {
 
 private:
   Type *VTy;
-  Use *UseList;
+  union {
+    Use *List = nullptr;
+    unsigned Count;
+  } Uses;
 
   friend class ValueAsMetadata; // Allow access to IsUsedByMD.
   friend class ValueHandleBase; // Allow access to HasValueHandle.
@@ -339,21 +342,28 @@ class Value {
 #endif
   }
 
+  /// Check if this Value has a use-list.
+  bool hasUseList() const { return !isa<ConstantData>(this); }
+
   bool use_empty() const {
     assertModuleIsMaterialized();
-    return UseList == nullptr;
+    return hasUseList() ? Uses.List == nullptr : Uses.Count == 0;
   }
 
   bool materialized_use_empty() const {
-    return UseList == nullptr;
+    return hasUseList() ? Uses.List == nullptr : !Uses.Count;
   }
 
   using use_iterator = use_iterator_impl<Use>;
   using const_use_iterator = use_iterator_impl<const Use>;
 
-  use_iterator materialized_use_begin() { return use_iterator(UseList); }
+  use_iterator materialized_use_begin() {
+    assert(hasUseList());
+    return use_iterator(Uses.List);
+  }
   const_use_iterator materialized_use_begin() const {
-    return const_use_iterator(UseList);
+    assert(hasUseList());
+    return const_use_iterator(Uses.List);
   }
   use_iterator use_begin() {
     assertModuleIsMaterialized();
@@ -380,17 +390,18 @@ class Value {
     return materialized_uses();
   }
 
-  bool user_empty() const {
-    assertModuleIsMaterialized();
-    return UseList == nullptr;
-  }
+  bool user_empty() const { return use_empty(); }
 
   using user_iterator = user_iterator_impl<User>;
   using const_user_iterator = user_iterator_impl<const User>;
 
-  user_iterator materialized_user_begin() { return user_iterator(UseList); }
+  user_iterator materialized_user_begin() {
+    assert(hasUseList());
+    return user_iterator(Uses.List);
+  }
   const_user_iterator materialized_user_begin() const {
-    return const_user_iterator(UseList);
+    assert(hasUseList());
+    return const_user_iterator(Uses.List);
   }
   user_iterator user_begin() {
     assertModuleIsMaterialized();
@@ -429,7 +440,11 @@ class Value {
   ///
   /// This is specialized because it is a common request and does not require
   /// traversing the whole use list.
-  bool hasOneUse() const { return hasSingleElement(uses()); }
+  bool hasOneUse() const {
+    if (!hasUseList())
+      return Uses.Count == 1;
+    return hasSingleElement(uses());
+  }
 
   /// Return true if this Value has exactly N uses.
   bool hasNUses(unsigned N) const;
@@ -491,6 +506,8 @@ class Value {
   static void dropDroppableUse(Use &U);
 
   /// Check if this value is used in the specified basic block.
+  ///
+  /// Not supported for ConstantData.
   bool isUsedInBasicBlock(const BasicBlock *BB) const;
 
   /// This method computes the number of uses of this Value.
@@ -500,7 +517,19 @@ class Value {
   unsigned getNumUses() const;
 
   /// This method should only be used by the Use class.
-  void addUse(Use &U) { U.addToList(&UseList); }
+  void addUse(Use &U) {
+    if (hasUseList())
+      U.addToList(Uses.List);
+    else
+      U.addToList(Uses.Count);
+  }
+
+  void removeUse(Use &U) {
+    if (hasUseList())
+      U.removeFromList(Uses.List);
+    else
+      U.removeFromList(Uses.Count);
+  }
 
   /// Concrete subclass of this.
   ///
@@ -841,7 +870,8 @@ class Value {
   ///
   /// \return the first element in the list.
   ///
-  /// \note Completely ignores \a Use::Prev (doesn't read, doesn't update).
+  /// \note Completely ignores \a Use::PrevOrCount (doesn't read, doesn't
+  /// update).
   template <class Compare>
   static Use *mergeUseLists(Use *L, Use *R, Compare Cmp) {
     Use *Merged;
@@ -887,10 +917,50 @@ inline raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const Value &V) {
   return OS;
 }
 
+inline Use::~Use() {
+  if (Val)
+    Val->removeUse(*this);
+}
+
+void Use::addToList(unsigned &Count) {
+  assert(isa<ConstantData>(Val) && "Only ConstantData is ref-counted");
+  ++Count;
+
+  // We don't have a uselist - clear the remnant if we are replacing a
+  // non-constant value.
+  Prev = nullptr;
+  Next = nullptr;
+}
+
+void Use::addToList(Use *&List) {
+  assert(!isa<ConstantData>(Val) && "ConstantData has no use-list");
+
+  Next = List;
+  if (Next)
+    Next->Prev = &Next;
+  Prev = &List;
+  List = this;
+}
+
+void Use::removeFromList(unsigned &Count) {
+  assert(isa<ConstantData>(Val));
+  assert(Count > 0 && "reference count underflow");
+  assert(!Prev && !Next && "should not have uselist remnant");
+  --Count;
+}
+
+void Use::removeFromList(Use *&List) {
+  *Prev = Next;
+  if (Next)
+    Next->Prev = Prev;
+}
+
 void Use::set(Value *V) {
-  if (Val) removeFromList();
+  if (Val)
+    Val->removeUse(*this);
   Val = V;
-  if (V) V->addUse(*this);
+  if (V)
+    V->addUse(*this);
 }
 
 Value *Use::operator=(Value *RHS) {
@@ -904,7 +974,7 @@ const Use &Use::operator=(const Use &RHS) {
 }
 
 template <class Compare> void Value::sortUseList(Compare Cmp) {
-  if (!UseList || !UseList->Next)
+  if (!hasUseList() || !Uses.List || !Uses.List->Next)
     // No need to sort 0 or 1 uses.
     return;
 
@@ -917,10 +987,10 @@ template <class Compare> void Value::sortUseList(Compare Cmp) {
   Use *Slots[MaxSlots];
 
   // Collect the first use, turning it into a single-item list.
-  Use *Next = UseList->Next;
-  UseList->Next = nullptr;
+  Use *Next = Uses.List->Next;
+  Uses.List->Next = nullptr;
   unsigned NumSlots = 1;
-  Slots[0] = UseList;
+  Slots[0] = Uses.List;
 
   // Collect all but the last use.
   while (Next->Next) {
@@ -956,15 +1026,15 @@ template <class Compare> void Value::sortUseList(Compare Cmp) {
   // Merge all the lists together.
   assert(Next && "Expected one more Use");
   assert(!Next->Next && "Expected only one Use");
-  UseList = Next;
+  Uses.List = Next;
   for (unsigned I = 0; I < NumSlots; ++I)
     if (Slots[I])
-      // Since the uses in Slots[I] originally preceded those in UseList, send
+      // Since the uses in Slots[I] originally preceded those in Uses.List, send
       // Slots[I] in as the left parameter to maintain a stable sort.
-      UseList = mergeUseLists(Slots[I], UseList, Cmp);
+      Uses.List = mergeUseLists(Slots[I], Uses.List, Cmp);
 
   // Fix the Prev pointers.
-  for (Use *I = UseList, **Prev = &UseList; I; I = I->Next) {
+  for (Use *I = Uses.List, **Prev = &Uses.List; I; I = I->Next) {
     I->Prev = Prev;
     Prev = &I->Next;
   }
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Analysis/TypeMetadataUtils.cpp b/llvm/lib/Analysis/TypeMetadataUtils.cpp
index 9ec0785eb5034..8099fbc3daeda 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Analysis/TypeMetadataUtils.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Analysis/TypeMetadataUtils.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ findCallsAtConstantOffset(SmallVectorImpl<DevirtCallSite> &DevirtCalls,
 static void findLoadCallsAtConstantOffset(
     const Module *M, SmallVectorImpl<DevirtCallSite> &DevirtCalls, Value *VPtr,
     int64_t Offset, const CallInst *CI, DominatorTree &DT) {
+  if (!VPtr->hasUseList())
+    return;
+
   for (const Use &U : VPtr->uses()) {
     Value *User = U.getUser();
     if (isa<BitCastInst>(User)) {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/AsmParser/LLParser.cpp b/llvm/lib/AsmParser/LLParser.cpp
index af0422f09bc4f..4d6d224cacbf5 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/AsmParser/LLParser.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/AsmParser/LLParser.cpp
@@ -8857,6 +8857,8 @@ bool LLParser::parseMDNodeVector(SmallVectorImpl<Metadata *> &Elts) {
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 bool LLParser::sortUseListOrder(Value *V, ArrayRef<unsigned> Indexes,
                                 SMLoc Loc) {
+  if (!V->hasUseList())
+    return false;
   if (V->use_empty())
     return error(Loc, "value has no uses");
 
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Bitcode/Reader/BitcodeReader.cpp b/llvm/lib/Bitcode/Reader/BitcodeReader.cpp
index b152adfbd93d8..dfda8beecce57 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Bitcode/Reader/BitcodeReader.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Bitcode/Reader/BitcodeReader.cpp
@@ -3856,6 +3856,10 @@ Error BitcodeReader::parseUseLists() {
         V = FunctionBBs[ID];
       } else
         V = ValueList[ID];
+
+      if (isa<ConstantData>(V))
+        break;
+
       unsigned NumUses = 0;
       SmallDenseMap<const Use *, unsigned, 16> Order;
       for (const Use &U : V->materialized_uses()) {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Bitcode/Writer/ValueEnumerator.cpp b/llvm/lib/Bitcode/Writer/ValueEnumerator.cpp
index 9f735f77d29dc..0c81a99f2235b 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Bitcode/Writer/ValueEnumerator.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Bitcode/Writer/ValueEnumerator.cpp
@@ -230,6 +230,9 @@ static void predictValueUseListOrderImpl(const Value *V, const Function *F,
 
 static void predictValueUseListOrder(const Value *V, const Function *F,
                                      OrderMap &OM, UseListOrderStack &Stack) {
+  if (isa<ConstantData>(V))
+    return;
+
   auto &IDPair = OM[V];
   assert(IDPair.first && "Unmapped value");
   if (IDPair.second)
diff --git a/llvm/lib/CodeGen/AsmPrinter/AsmPrinter.cpp b/llvm/lib/CodeGen/AsmPrinter/AsmPrinter.cpp
index bdcd54a135da9..4b0e5893b34e0 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/CodeGen/AsmPrinter/AsmPrinter.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/CodeGen/AsmPrinter/AsmPrinter.cpp
@@ -4002,7 +4002,7 @@ static void emitGlobalConstantImpl(const DataLayout &DL, const Constant *CV,
   // Globals with sub-elements such as combinations of arrays and structs
   // are handled recursively by emitGlobalConstantImpl. Keep track of the
   // constant symbol base and the current position with BaseCV and Offset.
-  if (!BaseCV && CV->hasOneUse())
+  if (!isa<ConstantData>(CV) && !BaseCV && CV->hasOneUse())
     BaseCV = dyn_cast<Constant>(CV->user_back());
 
   if (isa<ConstantAggregateZero>(CV)) {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenPrepare.cpp b/llvm/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenPrepare.cpp
index e8dc7752b23c0..2cb73c3920716 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenPrepare.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenPrepare.cpp
@@ -8591,6 +8591,9 @@ static bool optimizeBranch(BranchInst *Branch, const TargetLowering &TLI,
     return false;
 
   Value *X = Cmp->getOperand(0);
+  if (!X->hasUseList())
+    return false;
+
   APInt CmpC = cast<ConstantInt>(Cmp->getOperand(1))->getValue();
 
   for (auto *U : X->users()) {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/CodeGen/ComplexDeinterleavingPass.cpp b/llvm/lib/CodeGen/ComplexDeinterleavingPass.cpp
index 790edf12b46be..4c5b906ac1d00 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/CodeGen/ComplexDeinterleavingPass.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/CodeGen/ComplexDeinterleavingPass.cpp
@@ -1034,6 +1034,9 @@ ComplexDeinterleavingGraph::identifyPartialReduction(Value *R, Value *I) {
   if (!isa<VectorType>(R->getType()) || !isa<VectorType>(I->getType()))
     return nullptr;
 
+  if (!R->hasUseList() || !I->hasUseList())
+    return nullptr;
+
   auto CommonUser =
       findCommonBetweenCollections<Value *>(R->users(), I->users());
   if (!CommonUser)
diff --git a/llvm/lib/IR/AsmWriter.cpp b/llvm/lib/IR/AsmWriter.cpp
index ac8aa0d35ea30..fedad23066084 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/IR/AsmWriter.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/IR/AsmWriter.cpp
@@ -125,11 +125,15 @@ static void orderValue(const Value *V, OrderMap &OM) {
   if (OM.lookup(V))
     return;
 
-  if (const Constant *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V))
+  if (const Constant *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V)) {
+    if (isa<ConstantData>(C))
+      return;
+
     if (C->getNumOperands() && !isa<GlobalValue>(C))
       for (const Value *Op : C->operands())
         if (!isa<BasicBlock>(Op) && !isa<GlobalValue>(Op))
           orderValue(Op, OM);
+  }
 
   // Note: we cannot cache this lookup above, since inserting into the map
   // changes the map's size, and thus affects the other IDs.
@@ -275,7 +279,8 @@ static UseListOrderMap predictUseListOrder(const Module *M) {
   UseListOrderMap ULOM;
   for (const auto &Pair : OM) {
     const Value *V = Pair.first;
-    if (V->use_empty() || std::next(V->use_begin()) == V->use_end())
+    if (!V->hasUseList() || V->use_empty() ||
+        std::next(V->use_begin()) == V->use_end())
       continue;
 
     std::vector<unsigned> Shuffle =
diff --git a/llvm/lib/IR/Instruction.cpp b/llvm/lib/IR/Instruction.cpp
index 4eadecb54feb5..19dd68b3a011d 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/IR/Instruction.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/IR/Instruction.cpp
@@ -373,7 +373,9 @@ std::optional<BasicBlock::iterator> Instruction::getInsertionPointAfterDef() {
 }
 
 bool Instruction::isOnlyUserOfAnyOperand() {
-  return any_of(operands(), [](Value *V) { return V->hasOneUser(); });
+  return any_of(operands(), [](const Value *V) {
+    return V->hasUseList() && V->hasOneUser();
+  });
 }
 
 void Instruction::setHasNoUnsignedWrap(bool b) {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/IR/Use.cpp b/llvm/lib/IR/Use.cpp
index 99a89386d75f9..67882ba0144b4 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/IR/Use.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/IR/Use.cpp
@@ -19,11 +19,15 @@ void Use::swap(Use &RHS) {
   std::swap(Next, RHS.Next);
   std::swap(Prev, RHS.Prev);
 
-  *Prev = this;
+  if (Prev)
+    *Prev = this;
+
   if (Next)
     Next->Prev = &Next;
 
-  *RHS.Prev = &RHS;
+  if (RHS.Prev)
+    *RHS.Prev = &RHS;
+
   if (RHS.Next)
     RHS.Next->Prev = &RHS.Next;
 }
diff --git a/llvm/lib/IR/Value.cpp b/llvm/lib/IR/Value.cpp
index aa97b70f21aeb..74a96051f33af 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/IR/Value.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/IR/Value.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static inline Type *checkType(Type *Ty) {
 Value::Value(Type *ty, unsigned scid)
     : SubclassID(scid), HasValueHandle(0), SubclassOptionalData(0),
       SubclassData(0), NumUserOperands(0), IsUsedByMD(false), HasName(false),
-      HasMetadata(false), VTy(checkType(ty)), UseList(nullptr) {
+      HasMetadata(false), VTy(checkType(ty)) {
   static_assert(ConstantFirstVal == 0, "!(SubclassID < ConstantFirstVal)");
   // FIXME: Why isn't this in the subclass gunk??
   // Note, we cannot call isa<CallInst> before the CallInst has been
@@ -148,10 +148,14 @@ void Value::destroyValueName() {
 }
 
 bool Value::hasNUses(unsigned N) const {
+  if (!hasUseList())
+    return Uses.Count == N;
   return hasNItems(use_begin(), use_end(), N);
 }
 
 bool Value::hasNUsesOrMore(unsigned N) const {
+  if (!hasUseList())
+    return Uses.Count >= N;
   return hasNItemsOrMore(use_begin(), use_end(), N);
 }
 
@@ -232,6 +236,8 @@ void Value::dropDroppableUse(Use &U) {
 }
 
 bool Value::isUsedInBasicBlock(const BasicBlock *BB) const {
+  assert(hasUseList() && "ConstantData has no use-list");
+
   // This can be computed either by scanning the instructions in BB, or by
   // scanning the use list of this Value. Both lists can be very long, but
   // usually one is quite short.
@@ -253,6 +259,9 @@ bool Value::isUsedInBasicBlock(const BasicBlock *BB) const {
 }
 
 unsigned Value::getNumUses() const {
+  if (!hasUseList())
+    return Uses.Count;
+
   return (unsigned)std::distance(use_begin(), use_end());
 }
 
@@ -499,6 +508,7 @@ static bool contains(Value *Expr, Value *V) {
 #endif // NDEBUG
 
 void Value::doRAUW(Value *New, ReplaceMetadataUses ReplaceMetaUses) {
+  assert(hasUseList() && "Cannot replace constant data");
   assert(New && "Value::replaceAllUsesWith(<null>) is invalid!");
   assert(!contains(New, this) &&
          "this->replaceAllUsesWith(expr(this)) is NOT valid!");
@@ -512,7 +522,7 @@ void Value::doRAUW(Value *New, ReplaceMetadataUses ReplaceMetaUses) {
     ValueAsMetadata::handleRAUW(this, New);
 
   while (!materialized_use_empty()) {
-    Use &U = *UseList;
+    Use &U = *Uses.List;
     // Must handle Constants specially, we cannot call replaceUsesOfWith on a
     // constant because they are uniqued.
     if (auto *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(U.getUser())) {
@@ -844,7 +854,7 @@ bool Value::canBeFreed() const {
   // which is why we need the explicit opt in on a per collector basis.
   if (!F->hasGC())
     return true;
-  
+
   const auto &GCName = F->getGC();
   if (GCName == "statepoint-example") {
     auto *PT = cast<PointerType>(this->getType());
@@ -1092,12 +1102,12 @@ const Value *Value::DoPHITranslation(const BasicBlock *CurBB,
 LLVMContext &Value::getContext() const { return VTy->getContext(); }
 
 void Value::reverseUseList() {
-  if (!UseList || !UseList->Next)
+  if (!Uses.List || !Uses.List->Next || !hasUseList())
     // No need to reverse 0 or 1 uses.
     return;
 
-  Use *Head = UseList;
-  Use *Current = UseList->Next;
+  Use *Head = Uses.List;
+  Use *Current = Uses.List->Next;
   Head->Next = nullptr;
   while (Current) {
     Use *Next = Current->Next;
@@ -1106,8 +1116,8 @@ void Value::reverseUseList() {
     Head = Current;
     Current = Next;
   }
-  UseList = Head;
-  Head->Prev = &UseList;
+  Uses.List = Head;
+  Head->Prev = &Uses.List;
 }
 
 bool Value::isSwiftError() const {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/AArch64/GISel/AArch64RegisterBankInfo.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/AArch64/GISel/AArch64RegisterBankInfo.cpp
index 8d83fef265e6f..6bd3fd182485d 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/AArch64/GISel/AArch64RegisterBankInfo.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/AArch64/GISel/AArch64RegisterBankInfo.cpp
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ bool AArch64RegisterBankInfo::isLoadFromFPType(const MachineInstr &MI) const {
     // Look at the first element of the array to determine its type
     if (isa<ArrayType>(EltTy))
       EltTy = EltTy->getArrayElementType();
-  } else {
+  } else if (!isa<Constant>(LdVal)) {
     // FIXME: grubbing around uses is pretty ugly, but with no more
     // `getPointerElementType` there's not much else we can do.
     for (const auto *LdUser : LdVal->users()) {
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
index 6205dfedb79fb..c7fdd7dd0a291 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Target/SPIRV/SPIRVEmitIntrinsics.cpp
@@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ void SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::deduceOperandElementType(
   IRBuilder<> B(Ctx);
   for (auto &OpIt : Ops) {
     Value *Op = OpIt.first;
-    if (Op->use_empty())
+    if (!Op->hasUseList() || Op->use_empty())
       continue;
     if (AskOps && !AskOps->contains(Op))
       continue;
@@ -1470,34 +1470,36 @@ void SPIRVEmitIntrinsics::replacePointerOperandWithPtrCast(
   // Do not emit new spv_ptrcast if equivalent one already exists or when
   // spv_assign_ptr_type already targets t...
[truncated]