matplotlib · tacaswell · Jun 10, 2018 · Feb 17, 2018
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/__init__.py b/lib/matplotlib/__init__.py
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def compare_versions(a, b):
 
 
 if not hasattr(sys, 'argv'):  # for modpython
-    sys.argv = [str('modpython')]
+    sys.argv = ['modpython']
 
 
 def _is_writable_dir(p):
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
 
 def checkdep_dvipng():
     try:
-        s = subprocess.Popen([str('dvipng'), '-version'],
+        s = subprocess.Popen(['dvipng', '-version'],
                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
         stdout, stderr = s.communicate()
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ def checkdep_ghostscript():
 
 def checkdep_pdftops():
     try:
-        s = subprocess.Popen([str('pdftops'), '-v'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        s = subprocess.Popen(['pdftops', '-v'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
         stdout, stderr = s.communicate()
         lines = stderr.decode('ascii').split('\n')
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ def checkdep_pdftops():
 def checkdep_inkscape():
     if checkdep_inkscape.version is None:
         try:
-            s = subprocess.Popen([str('inkscape'), '-V'],
+            s = subprocess.Popen(['inkscape', '-V'],
                                  stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                  stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
             stdout, stderr = s.communicate()

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
@@ -1285,9 +1285,9 @@ def writeGouraudTriangles(self):
 
             streamarr = np.empty(
                 (shape[0] * shape[1],),
-                dtype=[(str('flags'), str('u1')),
-                       (str('points'), str('>u4'), (2,)),
-                       (str('colors'), str('u1'), (3,))])
+                dtype=[('flags', 'u1'),
+                       ('points', '>u4', (2,)),
+                       ('colors', 'u1', (3,))])
             streamarr['flags'] = 0
             streamarr['points'] = (flat_points - points_min) * factor
             streamarr['colors'] = flat_colors[:, :3] * 255.0

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py
@@ -1409,8 +1409,7 @@ def convert_psfrags(tmpfile, psfrags, font_preamble, custom_preamble,
     latexfile = latexfile.replace("\\", "/")
     # Replace ~ so Latex does not think it is line break
     latexfile = latexfile.replace("~", "\\string~")
-    command = [str("latex"), "-interaction=nonstopmode",
-               '"%s"' % latexfile]
+    command = ["latex", "-interaction=nonstopmode", '"%s"' % latexfile]
     _log.debug('%s', command)
     try:
         report = subprocess.check_output(command, cwd=tmpdir,
@@ -1424,7 +1423,7 @@ def convert_psfrags(tmpfile, psfrags, font_preamble, custom_preamble,
                        exc.output.decode("utf-8"))))
     _log.debug(report)
 
-    command = [str('dvips'), '-q', '-R0', '-o', os.path.basename(psfile),
+    command = ['dvips', '-q', '-R0', '-o', os.path.basename(psfile),
                os.path.basename(dvifile)]
     _log.debug(command)
     try:
@@ -1525,7 +1524,7 @@ def xpdf_distill(tmpfile, eps=False, ptype='letter', bbox=None, rotated=False):
 
     # Pass options as `-foo#bar` instead of `-foo=bar` to keep Windows happy
     # (https://www.ghostscript.com/doc/9.22/Use.htm#MS_Windows).
-    command = [str("ps2pdf"),
+    command = ["ps2pdf",
                "-dAutoFilterColorImages#false",
                "-dAutoFilterGrayImages#false",
                "-dAutoRotatePages#false",
@@ -1544,7 +1543,7 @@ def xpdf_distill(tmpfile, eps=False, ptype='letter', bbox=None, rotated=False):
              '\n\n' % exc.output.decode("utf-8")))
     _log.debug(report)
 
-    command = [str("pdftops"), "-paper", "match", "-level2", pdffile, psfile]
+    command = ["pdftops", "-paper", "match", "-level2", pdffile, psfile]
     _log.debug(command)
     try:
         report = subprocess.check_output(command, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/dates.py b/lib/matplotlib/dates.py
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def utcoffset(self, dt):
         return datetime.timedelta(0)
 
     def tzname(self, dt):
-        return str("UTC")
+        return "UTC"
 
     def dst(self, dt):
         return datetime.timedelta(0)

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/sphinxext/plot_directive.py b/lib/matplotlib/sphinxext/plot_directive.py
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def setup(app):
     app.add_config_value('plot_working_directory', None, True)
     app.add_config_value('plot_template', None, True)
 
-    app.connect(str('doctree-read'), mark_plot_labels)
+    app.connect('doctree-read', mark_plot_labels)
 
     metadata = {'parallel_read_safe': True, 'parallel_write_safe': True}
     return metadata

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_mlab.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_mlab.py
@@ -213,10 +213,7 @@ def tempcsv():
 
 
 def test_recarray_csv_roundtrip(tempcsv):
-    expected = np.recarray((99,),
-                           [(str('x'), float),
-                            (str('y'), float),
-                            (str('t'), float)])
+    expected = np.recarray((99,), [('x', float), ('y', float), ('t', float)])
     # initialising all values: uninitialised memory sometimes produces
     # floats that do not round-trip to string and back.
     expected['x'][:] = np.linspace(-1e9, -1, 99)
@@ -233,8 +230,7 @@ def test_recarray_csv_roundtrip(tempcsv):
 
 
 def test_rec2csv_bad_shape_ValueError(tempcsv):
-    bad = np.recarray((99, 4), [(str('x'), float),
-                                (str('y'), float)])
+    bad = np.recarray((99, 4), [('x', float), ('y', float)])
 
     # the bad recarray should trigger a ValueError for having ndim > 1.
     with pytest.warns(MatplotlibDeprecationWarning):
@@ -286,14 +282,12 @@ def test_csv2rec_dates(tempcsv, input, kwargs):
 
 
 def test_rec2txt_basic():
-    # str() calls around field names necessary b/c as of numpy 1.11
-    # dtype doesn't like unicode names (caused by unicode_literals import)
     a = np.array([(1.0, 2, 'foo', 'bing'),
                   (2.0, 3, 'bar', 'blah')],
-                 dtype=np.dtype([(str('x'), np.float32),
-                                 (str('y'), np.int8),
-                                 (str('s'), str, 3),
-                                 (str('s2'), str, 4)]))
+                 dtype=np.dtype([('x', np.float32),
+                                 ('y', np.int8),
+                                 ('s', str, 3),
+                                 ('s2', str, 4)]))
     truth = ('       x   y   s     s2\n'
              '   1.000   2   foo   bing   \n'
              '   2.000   3   bar   blah   ').splitlines()

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/type1font.py b/lib/matplotlib/type1font.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def _read(self, file):
                                    'got %d)' % rawdata[0])
             type = rawdata[1]
             if type in (1, 2):
-                length, = struct.unpack(str('<i'), rawdata[2:6])
+                length, = struct.unpack('<i', rawdata[2:6])
                 segment = rawdata[6:6 + length]
                 rawdata = rawdata[6 + length:]
 

diff --git a/lib/mpl_toolkits/axes_grid1/axes_divider.py b/lib/mpl_toolkits/axes_grid1/axes_divider.py
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
     and vertical lists of sizes that the division will be based on. You
     then use the new_locator method, whose return value is a callable
     object that can be used to set the axes_locator of the axes.
-
 """
-import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms
 
-from matplotlib.axes import SubplotBase
+import functools
 
+import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms
+from matplotlib.axes import SubplotBase
 from . import axes_size as Size
 
 
@@ -906,24 +906,12 @@ def _make_twin_axes(self, *kl, **kwargs):
         self._twinned_axes.join(self, ax2)
         return ax2
 
-_locatableaxes_classes = {}
-
 
+@functools.lru_cache(None)
 def locatable_axes_factory(axes_class):
-
-    new_class = _locatableaxes_classes.get(axes_class)
-    if new_class is None:
-        new_class = type(str("Locatable%s" % (axes_class.__name__)),
-                         (LocatableAxesBase, axes_class),
-                         {'_axes_class': axes_class})
-
-        _locatableaxes_classes[axes_class] = new_class
-
-    return new_class
-
-#if hasattr(maxes.Axes, "get_axes_locator"):
-#    LocatableAxes = maxes.Axes
-#else:
+    return type("Locatable%s" % axes_class.__name__,
+                (LocatableAxesBase, axes_class),
+                {'_axes_class': axes_class})
 
 
 def make_axes_locatable(axes):