matplotlib · Arnav-xD · Mar 30, 2026 · Mar 30, 2026 · jklymak · Mar 30, 2026
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/_constrained_layout.py b/lib/matplotlib/_constrained_layout.py
@@ -440,23 +440,59 @@
 
     # make margins for figure-level legends:
     for leg in fig.legends:
-        inv_trans_fig = None
-        if leg._outside_loc and leg._bbox_to_anchor is None:
-            if inv_trans_fig is None:
-                inv_trans_fig = fig.transFigure.inverted().transform_bbox
-            bbox = inv_trans_fig(leg.get_tightbbox(renderer))
-            w = bbox.width + 2 * w_pad
-            h = bbox.height + 2 * h_pad
-            legendloc = leg._outside_loc
-            if legendloc == 'lower':
-                layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('bottom', h)
-            elif legendloc == 'upper':
-                layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('top', h)
-            if legendloc == 'right':
-                layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('right', w)
-            elif legendloc == 'left':
-                layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('left', w)
-
+    # === NEW: handle figure-level texts ===
+        inv_trans_fig = fig.transFigure.inverted().transform_bbox
+
+for text in fig.texts:
+    if not text.get_visible() or not text.get_in_layout():
+        continue
+
+    try:
+        bbox = inv_trans_fig(text.get_tightbbox(renderer))
+    except Exception:
+        continue
+
+    if bbox is None:
+        continue
+
+    w = bbox.width + 2 * w_pad
+    h = bbox.height + 2 * h_pad
+
+    # Expand margins conservatively
+    if bbox.y1 > 1:  # top overflow
+        layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('top', h)
+    if bbox.y0 < 0:  # bottom overflow
+        layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('bottom', h)
+    if bbox.x0 < 0:  # left overflow
+        layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('left', w)
+    if bbox.x1 > 1:  # right overflow
+        layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('right', w)
+
+
+# === NEW: handle general figure legends (not just _outside_loc) ===
+for leg in fig.legends:
+    if not leg.get_visible() or not leg.get_in_layout():
+        continue
+
+    try:
+        bbox = inv_trans_fig(leg.get_tightbbox(renderer))
+    except Exception:
+        continue
+
+    if bbox is None:
+        continue
+
+    w = bbox.width + 2 * w_pad
+    h = bbox.height + 2 * h_pad
+
+    if bbox.y1 > 1:
+        layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('top', h)
+    if bbox.y0 < 0:
+        layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('bottom', h)
+    if bbox.x0 < 0:
+        layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('left', w)
+    if bbox.x1 > 1:
+        layoutgrids[fig].edit_margin_min('right', w)
 
 def make_margin_suptitles(layoutgrids, fig, renderer, *, w_pad=0, h_pad=0):
     # Figure out how large the suptitle is and make the

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_constrainedlayout.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_constrainedlayout.py
@@ -14,8 +14,30 @@
 pytestmark = [
     pytest.mark.usefixtures('text_placeholders')
 ]
+def test_constrainedlayout_fig_text_included():
+    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(layout="constrained")
+    fig.text(0.5, 0.98, "Figure Title", ha="center")
+
+    fig.draw_without_rendering()
+
+    # Ensure no overlap: text should be above axes
+    ax_bbox = ax.get_position()
+    assert ax_bbox.y1 < 0.98
+
+def test_constrainedlayout_fig_legend_included():
+    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(layout="constrained")
+    ax.plot([1, 2, 3], label="line")
+    fig.legend(loc="upper center")
+
+    fig.draw_without_rendering()
 
+    ax_bbox = ax.get_position()
+    assert ax_bbox.y1 < 1.0  # leaves space for legend
+
 def example_plot(ax, fontsize=12, nodec=False):
     ax.plot([1, 2])
     ax.locator_params(nbins=3)