BUG: pandas_dtype always raise TypeError for invalid dtype #63491
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This PR fixes a bug in pandas.api.types.pandas_dtype where invalid inputs sometimes raised exceptions other than TypeError (e.g., ValueError).
Changes in this PR:
Updated the try-except block around np.dtype(dtype) to catch all exceptions and always raise TypeError.
Preserves the existing warnings.catch_warnings() context.
Ensures consistent behavior for all invalid dtypes, matching pandas’ expected error handling.
Added/verified tests to confirm TypeError is raised for invalid dtype inputs.
Motivation / Background:
Previously, only SyntaxError was caught, allowing some invalid inputs to raise unexpected exceptions. This caused inconsistent behavior and test failures in downstream code. This change makes pandas_dtype behavior predictable and fully compliant with the documented TypeError expectation.