@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ Python programmers issue warnings by calling the :func:`warn` function defined
1919in this module. (C programmers use :c:func: `PyErr_WarnEx `; see
2020:ref: `exceptionhandling ` for details).
2121
22- Warning messages are normally written to `` sys.stderr ` `, but their disposition
22+ Warning messages are normally written to :data: ` sys.stderr `, but their disposition
2323can be changed flexibly, from ignoring all warnings to turning them into
24- exceptions. The disposition of warnings can vary based on the warning category
25- (see below) , the text of the warning message, and the source location where it
24+ exceptions. The disposition of warnings can vary based on the :ref: ` warning category
25+ <warning-categories>` , the text of the warning message, and the source location where it
2626is issued. Repetitions of a particular warning for the same source location are
2727typically suppressed.
2828
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ determination is made whether a message should be issued or not; next, if a
3131message is to be issued, it is formatted and printed using a user-settable hook.
3232
3333The determination whether to issue a warning message is controlled by the
34- warning filter, which is a sequence of matching rules and actions. Rules can be
34+ :ref: ` warning filter < warning-filter >` , which is a sequence of matching rules and actions. Rules can be
3535added to the filter by calling :func: `filterwarnings ` and reset to its default
3636state by calling :func: `resetwarnings `.
3737
@@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ Describing Warning Filters
181181The warnings filter is initialized by :option: `-W ` options passed to the Python
182182interpreter command line and the :envvar: `PYTHONWARNINGS ` environment variable.
183183The interpreter saves the arguments for all supplied entries without
184- interpretation in `` sys.warnoptions ` `; the :mod: `warnings ` module parses these
184+ interpretation in :data: ` sys.warnoptions `; the :mod: `warnings ` module parses these
185185when it is first imported (invalid options are ignored, after printing a
186- message to `` sys.stderr ` `).
186+ message to :data: ` sys.stderr `).
187187
188188Individual warnings filters are specified as a sequence of fields separated by
189189colons::
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ colons::
192192
193193The meaning of each of these fields is as described in :ref: `warning-filter `.
194194When listing multiple filters on a single line (as for
195- :envvar: `PYTHONWARNINGS `), the individual filters are separated by commas, and
195+ :envvar: `PYTHONWARNINGS `), the individual filters are separated by commas and
196196the filters listed later take precedence over those listed before them (as
197197they're applied left-to-right, and the most recently applied filters take
198198precedence over earlier ones).
@@ -395,12 +395,12 @@ Available Functions
395395.. function :: warn(message, category=None, stacklevel=1, source=None)
396396
397397 Issue a warning, or maybe ignore it or raise an exception. The *category *
398- argument, if given, must be a warning category class (see above) ; it defaults to
399- :exc: `UserWarning `. Alternatively *message * can be a :exc: `Warning ` instance,
398+ argument, if given, must be a :ref: ` warning category class < warning-categories >` ; it
399+ defaults to :exc: `UserWarning `. Alternatively, *message * can be a :exc: `Warning ` instance,
400400 in which case *category * will be ignored and ``message.__class__ `` will be used.
401- In this case the message text will be ``str(message) ``. This function raises an
401+ In this case, the message text will be ``str(message) ``. This function raises an
402402 exception if the particular warning issued is changed into an error by the
403- warnings filter see above . The *stacklevel * argument can be used by wrapper
403+ :ref: ` warnings filter < warning-filter >` . The *stacklevel * argument can be used by wrapper
404404 functions written in Python, like this::
405405
406406 def deprecation(message):
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ Available Functions
444444
445445 Write a warning to a file. The default implementation calls
446446 ``formatwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, line) `` and writes the
447- resulting string to *file *, which defaults to `` sys.stderr ` `. You may replace
447+ resulting string to *file *, which defaults to :data: ` sys.stderr `. You may replace
448448 this function with any callable by assigning to ``warnings.showwarning ``.
449449 *line * is a line of source code to be included in the warning
450450 message; if *line * is not supplied, :func: `showwarning ` will
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