ordered by their type names; objects of the same types that don't

support proper comparison are ordered by their address.)

\opindex{in}

\opindex{not in}

Complex numbers have a real and imaginary part, which are both

implemented using \code{double} in \C{}. To extract these parts from

Numbers are created by numeric literals or as the result of built-in

functions and operators. Unadorned integer literals (including hex

\lineiii{complex(\var{re},\var{im})}{a complex number with real part \var{re}, imaginary part \var{im}. \var{im} defaults to zero.}{}

\lineiii{divmod(\var{x}, \var{y})}{the pair \code{(\var{x} / \var{y}, \var{x} \%{} \var{y})}}{(3)}

\lineiii{pow(\var{x}, \var{y})}{\var{x} to the power \var{y}}{}

\end{tableiii}

\indexiii{operations on}{numeric}{types}

argument, the right argument may also be a single non-tuple object.%

\footnote{A tuple object in this case should be a singleton.}

The following format characters are understood:

present but are ignored. The \code{\%s} conversion takes any Python

object and converts it to a string using \code{str()} before

formatting it. The ANSI features \code{\%p} and \code{\%n}

\end{verbatim}

require a sequential parameter list).

Additional string operations are defined in standard module

\lineiii{\var{a}.keys()}{a copy of \var{a}'s list of keys}{(2)}

\lineiii{\var{a}.update(\var{b})}{\code{for k, v in \var{b}.items(): \var{a}[k] = v}}{(3)}

\lineiii{\var{a}.values()}{a copy of \var{a}'s list of values}{(2)}

\end{tableiii}

\indexiii{operations on}{mapping}{types}

\indexiii{operations on}{dictionary}{type}

\subsubsection{Modules}

The only special operation on a module is attribute access:

A special member of every module is \code{__dict__}.

This is the dictionary containing the module's symbol table.

Modifying this dictionary will actually change the module's symbol

table, but direct assignment to the \code{__dict__} attribute is not

possible (i.e., you can write \code{\var{m}.__dict__['a'] = 1}, which

Modules are written like this: \code{<module 'sys'>}.

different object types.

The implementation adds two special read-only attributes:

\subsubsection{Methods}

\obindex{method}

non-negative, it is a maximum byte count (including the trailing

newline) and an incomplete line may be returned.

An empty string is returned when \EOF{} is hit

string contains null characters (\code{'\e 0'}) if they occurred in the

input.

\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}[file]{readlines}{\optional{sizehint}}

the lines thus read. If the optional \var{sizehint} argument is

present, instead of reading up to \EOF{}, whole lines totalling

approximately \var{sizehint} bytes (possibly after rounding up to an

internal buffer size) are read.

\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}[file]{seek}{offset, whence}

The \var{whence} argument is optional and defaults to \code{0}

(absolute file positioning); other values are \code{1} (seek

relative to the current position) and \code{2} (seek relative to the

file's end). There is no return value.

\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}[file]{tell}{}

\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}[file]{truncate}{\optional{size}}

\begin{methoddesc}[file]{write}{str}

Write a string to the file. There is no return value. Note: due to

buffering, the string may not actually show up in the file until

\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}[file]{writelines}{list}

Write a list of strings to the file. There is no return value.

\end{methoddesc}

File objects also offer the following attributes:

Boolean that indicates whether a space character needs to be printed

before another value when using the \keyword{print} statement.

Classes that are trying to simulate a file object should also have a

zero. This will be automatic for classes implemented in Python; types

attribute.

\end{memberdesc}