FIX Treat gradient boosting categoricals outside the bounds as unknown during predict#24283

lorentzenchr merged 11 commits intoscikit-learn:mainscikit-learn/scikit-learn:mainfrom

thomasjpfan:fix_hist_gradient_cateogriesthomasjpfan/scikit-learn:fix_hist_gradient_cateogriesCopy head branch name to clipboard