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[Cache] Prevent stampede at warmup using apcu_entry() for locking #27028

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[Cache] Prevent stampede at warmup using apcu_entry() for locking #27028

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@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas commented Apr 24, 2018 •
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Q A
Branch? master
Bug fix? no
New feature? yes
BC breaks? no
Deprecations? no
Tests pass? yes
Fixed tickets -
License MIT
Doc PR -

When a cache is cold, all concurrent processes will end up recomputing the same value, which can be slow at best and can create a cascading failure at worst.

By leveraging apcu_entry(), we can ensure only one process per front is actually computing the value.

In theory, you might wonder if this could be implemented in a generic way using e.g. the Lock component. This would allow using distributed locking, thus allow locking the computation across a cluster of fronts.

But in practice, apcu_entry() is the only primitive that works, because it knows when to not compute the callback when it waited for a concurrent process, which is something really hard to achieve with other locking mechanisms (if possible at all without all sort of race conditions.) Also, computing only once per-front is already a significant improvement. People having more advanced needs could still create a proxy to handle the distributed lock.

For core, relying on apcu_entry() to provide this behavior is what I propose here.

@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas added this to the next milestone Apr 24, 2018
@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas force-pushed the cache-apcu-lock branch 4 times, most recently from 0225318 to ec2b4c0 Compare April 24, 2018 14:36
@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas mentioned this pull request Apr 24, 2018
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apcu_entry seems a good choice. Anyway, what do you think about using Symfony's lock component? Something like:

$store = new \Symfony\Component\Lock\Store\FlockStore(sys_get_temp_dir());
$factory = new \Symfony\Component\Lock\Factory($store);

$lockId = 'cache';
$lock = $factory->createLock($lockId);
$needToGenerate = $lock->acquire(); // not blocking

if ($needToGenerate) {
    sleep(5); // heavy work. Calls passed generator function
    echo 'Heavy generator is launched. Result is cached.<br>';
} else {
    $lock->acquire(true); // blocking
    echo 'Did not launch heavy generator. Result is got from a cache.<br>';
}

$lock->release();

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nicolas-grekas commented Apr 30, 2018 •
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@webnet-fr that'd be great if it could work, but I don't think that's possible: this code is full of race conditions, and the sleep(5) (or any other value) is a no-go also...

@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas mentioned this pull request May 18, 2018
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@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas force-pushed the cache-apcu-lock branch 3 times, most recently from c60f631 to 1789e42 Compare June 11, 2018 13:11
fabpot added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 11, 2018
@fabpot
feature #27031 [Cache] Use sub-second accuracy for internal expiry ca…
205d161 
…lculations (nicolas-grekas)

This PR was merged into the 4.2-dev branch.

Discussion
----------

[Cache] Use sub-second accuracy for internal expiry calculations

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Branch?       | master
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | not really
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | -
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | -

Embeds #26929, #27009 and #27028, let's focus on the 4th commit for now.

This is my last significant PR in the Cache series :)

By using integer expiries internally, our current implementations are sensitive to abrupt transitions when time() goes to next second: `$s = time(); sleep(1); echo time() - $s;` *can* display 2 from time to time.
This means that we do expire items earlier than required by the expiration settings on items.
This also means that there is no way to have a sub-second expiry. For remote backends, that's fine, but for ArrayAdapter, that's a limitation we can remove.

This PR replaces calls to `time()` by `microtime(true)`, providing more accurate timing measurements internally.

Commits
-------

08554ea [Cache] Use sub-second accuracy for internal expiry calculations
@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas force-pushed the cache-apcu-lock branch 4 times, most recently from e31510c to 6ed5db7 Compare June 11, 2018 19:43
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I'm closing because I'm not convinced we can plug APCu at this central place.

@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas deleted the cache-apcu-lock branch June 14, 2018 13:35
@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas mentioned this pull request Jun 14, 2018
Merged
fabpot added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 18, 2018
@fabpot
feature #27604 [Cache] Prevent stampede at warmup using flock() (nico…
137dd76 
…las-grekas)

This PR was merged into the 4.2-dev branch.

Discussion
----------

[Cache] Prevent stampede at warmup using flock()

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Branch?       | master
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | yes
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | -
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | -

Replaces #27028

This PR protects against cache stampede by wrapping the computation of items in a pool of locks.

For each apps, there can be at most 20 concurrent processes that compute items at the same time and only one per cache-key.

Commits
-------

0ac2777 [Cache] Prevent stampede at warmup using flock()
@nicolas-grekas nicolas-grekas modified the milestones: next, 4.2 Nov 1, 2018
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@nicolas-grekas @webnet-fr @carsonbot