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Signed-off-by: Tanvi Desai <[email protected]>
Hi @tanvidesai94! Thanks for your contribution to the Linux kernel! Linux kernel development happens on mailing lists, rather than on GitHub - this GitHub repository is a read-only mirror that isn't used for accepting contributions. So that your change can become part of Linux, please email it to us as a patch. Sending patches isn't quite as simple as sending a pull request, but fortunately it is a well documented process. Here's what to do:
How do I format my contribution?The Linux kernel community is notoriously picky about how contributions are formatted and sent. Fortunately, they have documented their expectations. Firstly, all contributions need to be formatted as patches. A patch is a plain text document showing the change you want to make to the code, and documenting why it is a good idea. You can create patches with Secondly, patches need 'commit messages', which is the human-friendly documentation explaining what the change is and why it's necessary. Thirdly, changes have some technical requirements. There is a Linux kernel coding style, and there are licensing requirements you need to comply with. Both of these are documented in the Submitting Patches documentation that is part of the kernel. Note that you will almost certainly have to modify your existing git commits to satisfy these requirements. Don't worry: there are many guides on the internet for doing this. Where do I send my contribution?The Linux kernel is composed of a number of subsystems. These subsystems are maintained by different people, and have different mailing lists where they discuss proposed changes. If you don't already know what subsystem your change belongs to, the
Make sure that your list of recipients includes a mailing list. If you can't find a more specific mailing list, then LKML - the Linux Kernel Mailing List - is the place to send your patches. It's not usually necessary to subscribe to the mailing list before you send the patches, but if you're interested in kernel development, subscribing to a subsystem mailing list is a good idea. (At this point, you probably don't need to subscribe to LKML - it is a very high traffic list with about a thousand messages per day, which is often not useful for beginners.) How do I send my contribution?Use For more information about using How do I get help if I'm stuck?Firstly, don't get discouraged! There are an enormous number of resources on the internet, and many kernel developers who would like to see you succeed. Many issues - especially about how to use certain tools - can be resolved by using your favourite internet search engine. If you can't find an answer, there are a few places you can turn:
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Use helper bpf_redirect_map() and bpf_redirect_map_multi() to test bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR and ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL. Make sure the map arg could be verified correctly when it is NULL or valid map pointer. Add devmap and devmap_hash in struct bpf_test due to bpf_redirect_{map, map_multi} limit. Test result: ]# ./test_verifier 713 716 torvalds#713/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: null pointer OK torvalds#714/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: valid map pointer OK torvalds#715/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: null pointer for ex_map OK torvalds#716/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: valid map pointer for ex_map OK Summary: 4 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0 FAILED Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <[email protected]>
Use helper bpf_redirect_map() and bpf_redirect_map_multi() to test bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR and ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL. Make sure the map arg could be verified correctly when it is NULL or valid map pointer. Add devmap and devmap_hash in struct bpf_test due to bpf_redirect_{map, map_multi} limit. Test result: ]# ./test_verifier 713 716 torvalds#713/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: null pointer OK torvalds#714/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: valid map pointer OK torvalds#715/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: null pointer for ex_map OK torvalds#716/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: valid map pointer for ex_map OK Summary: 4 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0 FAILED Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <[email protected]>
Use helper bpf_redirect_map() and bpf_redirect_map_multi() to test bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR and ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL. Make sure the map arg could be verified correctly when it is NULL or valid map pointer. Add devmap and devmap_hash in struct bpf_test due to bpf_redirect_{map, map_multi} limit. Test result: ]# ./test_verifier 713 716 torvalds#713/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: null pointer OK torvalds#714/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: valid map pointer OK torvalds#715/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: null pointer for ex_map OK torvalds#716/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: valid map pointer for ex_map OK Summary: 4 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0 FAILED Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <[email protected]>
Use helper bpf_redirect_map() and bpf_redirect_map_multi() to test bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR and ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL. Make sure the map arg could be verified correctly when it is NULL or valid map pointer. Add devmap and devmap_hash in struct bpf_test due to bpf_redirect_{map, map_multi} limit. Test result: ]# ./test_verifier 713 716 torvalds#713/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: null pointer OK torvalds#714/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: valid map pointer OK torvalds#715/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: null pointer for ex_map OK torvalds#716/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: valid map pointer for ex_map OK Summary: 4 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0 FAILED Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <[email protected]>
Use helper bpf_redirect_map() and bpf_redirect_map_multi() to test bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR and ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL. Make sure the map arg could be verified correctly when it is NULL or valid map pointer. Add devmap and devmap_hash in struct bpf_test due to bpf_redirect_{map, map_multi} limit. Test result: ]# ./test_verifier 713 716 torvalds#713/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: null pointer OK torvalds#714/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: valid map pointer OK torvalds#715/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: null pointer for ex_map OK torvalds#716/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: valid map pointer for ex_map OK Summary: 4 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0 FAILED Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <[email protected]>
Use helper bpf_redirect_map() and bpf_redirect_map_multi() to test bpf arg ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR and ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL. Make sure the map arg could be verified correctly when it is NULL or valid map pointer. Add devmap and devmap_hash in struct bpf_test due to bpf_redirect_{map, map_multi} limit. Test result: ]# ./test_verifier 713 716 torvalds#713/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: null pointer OK torvalds#714/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: valid map pointer OK torvalds#715/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: null pointer for ex_map OK torvalds#716/p ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR_OR_NULL: valid map pointer for ex_map OK Summary: 4 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0 FAILED Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <[email protected]> Acked-by: John Fastabend <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <[email protected]>
rust: Makefile: simplifications & cleanups
The function ceph_process_folio_batch() sets folio_batch entries to NULL, which is an illegal state. Before folio_batch_release() crashes due to this API violation, the function ceph_shift_unused_folios_left() is supposed to remove those NULLs from the array. However, since commit ce80b76 ("ceph: introduce ceph_process_folio_batch() method"), this shifting doesn't happen anymore because the "for" loop got moved to ceph_process_folio_batch(), and now the `i` variable that remains in ceph_writepages_start() doesn't get incremented anymore, making the shifting effectively unreachable much of the time. Later, commit 1551ec6 ("ceph: introduce ceph_submit_write() method") added more preconditions for doing the shift, replacing the `i` check (with something that is still just as broken): - if ceph_process_folio_batch() fails, shifting never happens - if ceph_move_dirty_page_in_page_array() was never called (because ceph_process_folio_batch() has returned early for some of various reasons), shifting never happens - if `processed_in_fbatch` is zero (because ceph_process_folio_batch() has returned early for some of the reasons mentioned above or because ceph_move_dirty_page_in_page_array() has failed), shifting never happens Since those two commits, any problem in ceph_process_folio_batch() could crash the kernel, e.g. this way: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000034 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 172 UID: 0 PID: 2342707 Comm: kworker/u778:8 Not tainted 6.15.10-cm4all1-es torvalds#714 NONE Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R7615/0G9DHV, BIOS 1.6.10 12/08/2023 Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-ceph-1) RIP: 0010:folios_put_refs+0x85/0x140 Code: 83 c5 01 39 e8 7e 76 48 63 c5 49 8b 5c c4 08 b8 01 00 00 00 4d 85 ed 74 05 41 8b 44 ad 00 48 8b 15 b0 > RSP: 0018:ffffb880af8db778 EFLAGS: 00010207 RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000003 RDX: ffffe377cc3b0000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffb880af8db8c0 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 000000000000007d R09: 000000000102b86f R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 00000000000000ac R12: ffffb880af8db8c0 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff9bd262c97000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9c8efc303000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000034 CR3: 0000000160958004 CR4: 0000000000770ef0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> ceph_writepages_start+0xeb9/0x1410 The crash can be reproduced easily by changing the ceph_check_page_before_write() return value to `-E2BIG`. (Interestingly, the crash happens only if `huge_zero_folio` has already been allocated; without `huge_zero_folio`, is_huge_zero_folio(NULL) returns true and folios_put_refs() skips NULL entries instead of dereferencing them. That makes reproducing the bug somewhat unreliable. See https://lore.kernel.org/[email protected] for a discussion of this detail.) My suggestion is to move the ceph_shift_unused_folios_left() to right after ceph_process_folio_batch() to ensure it always gets called to fix up the illegal folio_batch state. Cc: [email protected] Fixes: ce80b76 ("ceph: introduce ceph_process_folio_batch() method") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/ceph-devel/[email protected]/ Signed-off-by: Max Kellermann <[email protected]> Reviewed-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <[email protected]>
commit cce7c15 upstream. The function ceph_process_folio_batch() sets folio_batch entries to NULL, which is an illegal state. Before folio_batch_release() crashes due to this API violation, the function ceph_shift_unused_folios_left() is supposed to remove those NULLs from the array. However, since commit ce80b76 ("ceph: introduce ceph_process_folio_batch() method"), this shifting doesn't happen anymore because the "for" loop got moved to ceph_process_folio_batch(), and now the `i` variable that remains in ceph_writepages_start() doesn't get incremented anymore, making the shifting effectively unreachable much of the time. Later, commit 1551ec6 ("ceph: introduce ceph_submit_write() method") added more preconditions for doing the shift, replacing the `i` check (with something that is still just as broken): - if ceph_process_folio_batch() fails, shifting never happens - if ceph_move_dirty_page_in_page_array() was never called (because ceph_process_folio_batch() has returned early for some of various reasons), shifting never happens - if `processed_in_fbatch` is zero (because ceph_process_folio_batch() has returned early for some of the reasons mentioned above or because ceph_move_dirty_page_in_page_array() has failed), shifting never happens Since those two commits, any problem in ceph_process_folio_batch() could crash the kernel, e.g. this way: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000034 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 172 UID: 0 PID: 2342707 Comm: kworker/u778:8 Not tainted 6.15.10-cm4all1-es torvalds#714 NONE Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R7615/0G9DHV, BIOS 1.6.10 12/08/2023 Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-ceph-1) RIP: 0010:folios_put_refs+0x85/0x140 Code: 83 c5 01 39 e8 7e 76 48 63 c5 49 8b 5c c4 08 b8 01 00 00 00 4d 85 ed 74 05 41 8b 44 ad 00 48 8b 15 b0 > RSP: 0018:ffffb880af8db778 EFLAGS: 00010207 RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000003 RDX: ffffe377cc3b0000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffb880af8db8c0 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 000000000000007d R09: 000000000102b86f R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 00000000000000ac R12: ffffb880af8db8c0 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff9bd262c97000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9c8efc303000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000034 CR3: 0000000160958004 CR4: 0000000000770ef0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> ceph_writepages_start+0xeb9/0x1410 The crash can be reproduced easily by changing the ceph_check_page_before_write() return value to `-E2BIG`. (Interestingly, the crash happens only if `huge_zero_folio` has already been allocated; without `huge_zero_folio`, is_huge_zero_folio(NULL) returns true and folios_put_refs() skips NULL entries instead of dereferencing them. That makes reproducing the bug somewhat unreliable. See https://lore.kernel.org/[email protected] for a discussion of this detail.) My suggestion is to move the ceph_shift_unused_folios_left() to right after ceph_process_folio_batch() to ensure it always gets called to fix up the illegal folio_batch state. Cc: [email protected] Fixes: ce80b76 ("ceph: introduce ceph_process_folio_batch() method") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/ceph-devel/[email protected]/ Signed-off-by: Max Kellermann <[email protected]> Reviewed-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[email protected]>
commit cce7c15 upstream. The function ceph_process_folio_batch() sets folio_batch entries to NULL, which is an illegal state. Before folio_batch_release() crashes due to this API violation, the function ceph_shift_unused_folios_left() is supposed to remove those NULLs from the array. However, since commit ce80b76 ("ceph: introduce ceph_process_folio_batch() method"), this shifting doesn't happen anymore because the "for" loop got moved to ceph_process_folio_batch(), and now the `i` variable that remains in ceph_writepages_start() doesn't get incremented anymore, making the shifting effectively unreachable much of the time. Later, commit 1551ec6 ("ceph: introduce ceph_submit_write() method") added more preconditions for doing the shift, replacing the `i` check (with something that is still just as broken): - if ceph_process_folio_batch() fails, shifting never happens - if ceph_move_dirty_page_in_page_array() was never called (because ceph_process_folio_batch() has returned early for some of various reasons), shifting never happens - if `processed_in_fbatch` is zero (because ceph_process_folio_batch() has returned early for some of the reasons mentioned above or because ceph_move_dirty_page_in_page_array() has failed), shifting never happens Since those two commits, any problem in ceph_process_folio_batch() could crash the kernel, e.g. this way: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000034 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 172 UID: 0 PID: 2342707 Comm: kworker/u778:8 Not tainted 6.15.10-cm4all1-es torvalds#714 NONE Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R7615/0G9DHV, BIOS 1.6.10 12/08/2023 Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-ceph-1) RIP: 0010:folios_put_refs+0x85/0x140 Code: 83 c5 01 39 e8 7e 76 48 63 c5 49 8b 5c c4 08 b8 01 00 00 00 4d 85 ed 74 05 41 8b 44 ad 00 48 8b 15 b0 > RSP: 0018:ffffb880af8db778 EFLAGS: 00010207 RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000003 RDX: ffffe377cc3b0000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffb880af8db8c0 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 000000000000007d R09: 000000000102b86f R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 00000000000000ac R12: ffffb880af8db8c0 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff9bd262c97000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9c8efc303000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000034 CR3: 0000000160958004 CR4: 0000000000770ef0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> ceph_writepages_start+0xeb9/0x1410 The crash can be reproduced easily by changing the ceph_check_page_before_write() return value to `-E2BIG`. (Interestingly, the crash happens only if `huge_zero_folio` has already been allocated; without `huge_zero_folio`, is_huge_zero_folio(NULL) returns true and folios_put_refs() skips NULL entries instead of dereferencing them. That makes reproducing the bug somewhat unreliable. See https://lore.kernel.org/[email protected] for a discussion of this detail.) My suggestion is to move the ceph_shift_unused_folios_left() to right after ceph_process_folio_batch() to ensure it always gets called to fix up the illegal folio_batch state. Cc: [email protected] Fixes: ce80b76 ("ceph: introduce ceph_process_folio_batch() method") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/ceph-devel/[email protected]/ Signed-off-by: Max Kellermann <[email protected]> Reviewed-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[email protected]>
commit cce7c15 upstream. The function ceph_process_folio_batch() sets folio_batch entries to NULL, which is an illegal state. Before folio_batch_release() crashes due to this API violation, the function ceph_shift_unused_folios_left() is supposed to remove those NULLs from the array. However, since commit ce80b76 ("ceph: introduce ceph_process_folio_batch() method"), this shifting doesn't happen anymore because the "for" loop got moved to ceph_process_folio_batch(), and now the `i` variable that remains in ceph_writepages_start() doesn't get incremented anymore, making the shifting effectively unreachable much of the time. Later, commit 1551ec6 ("ceph: introduce ceph_submit_write() method") added more preconditions for doing the shift, replacing the `i` check (with something that is still just as broken): - if ceph_process_folio_batch() fails, shifting never happens - if ceph_move_dirty_page_in_page_array() was never called (because ceph_process_folio_batch() has returned early for some of various reasons), shifting never happens - if `processed_in_fbatch` is zero (because ceph_process_folio_batch() has returned early for some of the reasons mentioned above or because ceph_move_dirty_page_in_page_array() has failed), shifting never happens Since those two commits, any problem in ceph_process_folio_batch() could crash the kernel, e.g. this way: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000034 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 172 UID: 0 PID: 2342707 Comm: kworker/u778:8 Not tainted 6.15.10-cm4all1-es torvalds#714 NONE Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R7615/0G9DHV, BIOS 1.6.10 12/08/2023 Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-ceph-1) RIP: 0010:folios_put_refs+0x85/0x140 Code: 83 c5 01 39 e8 7e 76 48 63 c5 49 8b 5c c4 08 b8 01 00 00 00 4d 85 ed 74 05 41 8b 44 ad 00 48 8b 15 b0 > RSP: 0018:ffffb880af8db778 EFLAGS: 00010207 RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000003 RDX: ffffe377cc3b0000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffb880af8db8c0 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 000000000000007d R09: 000000000102b86f R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 00000000000000ac R12: ffffb880af8db8c0 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff9bd262c97000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9c8efc303000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000034 CR3: 0000000160958004 CR4: 0000000000770ef0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> ceph_writepages_start+0xeb9/0x1410 The crash can be reproduced easily by changing the ceph_check_page_before_write() return value to `-E2BIG`. (Interestingly, the crash happens only if `huge_zero_folio` has already been allocated; without `huge_zero_folio`, is_huge_zero_folio(NULL) returns true and folios_put_refs() skips NULL entries instead of dereferencing them. That makes reproducing the bug somewhat unreliable. See https://lore.kernel.org/[email protected] for a discussion of this detail.) My suggestion is to move the ceph_shift_unused_folios_left() to right after ceph_process_folio_batch() to ensure it always gets called to fix up the illegal folio_batch state. Cc: [email protected] Fixes: ce80b76 ("ceph: introduce ceph_process_folio_batch() method") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/ceph-devel/[email protected]/ Signed-off-by: Max Kellermann <[email protected]> Reviewed-by: Viacheslav Dubeyko <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Tanvi Desai [email protected]