vortex-data · myrrc · Jun 23, 2026 · Jun 19, 2026
diff --git a/encodings/fastlanes/src/lib.rs b/encodings/fastlanes/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ mod delta;
 mod r#for;
 mod rle;
 
-pub(crate) const FL_CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 1024;
+pub const FL_CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 1024;
 
 use bitpacking::compute::is_constant::BitPackedIsConstantKernel;
 use r#for::compute::is_constant::FoRIsConstantKernel;

diff --git a/vortex-duckdb/src/e2e_test/vortex_scan_test.rs b/vortex-duckdb/src/e2e_test/vortex_scan_test.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ use vortex::array::validity::Validity;
 use vortex::buffer::buffer;
 use vortex::dtype::Nullability;
 use vortex::dtype::PType;
+use vortex::encodings::fastlanes::RLEData;
 use vortex::file::WriteOptionsSessionExt;
 use vortex::io::runtime::BlockingRuntime;
 use vortex::scalar::PValue;
@@ -956,6 +957,20 @@ fn test_vortex_encodings_roundtrip() {
     not(duckdb_release),
     ignore = "spatial extension requires a release DuckDB build"
 )]
+#[test]
+fn test_fastlanes_rle_roundtrip() {
+    let expected: Vec<i32> = (0i32..2048).map(|i| i / 256).collect();
+    let file = RUNTIME.block_on(async {
+        let mut ctx = SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let primitive = PrimitiveArray::from_iter(expected.clone());
+        let rle = RLEData::encode(primitive.as_view(), &mut ctx).unwrap();
+        write_single_column_vortex_file("rle_col", rle.into_array()).await
+    });
+
+    let values: Vec<i32> = scan_vortex_file::<i32, _>(file, "SELECT rle_col FROM ?", 0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(values, expected);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_geometry() {
     let file = RUNTIME.block_on(async {

diff --git a/vortex-duckdb/src/exporter/mod.rs b/vortex-duckdb/src/exporter/mod.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ mod geo;
 mod list;
 mod list_view;
 mod primitive;
+mod rle;
 mod run_end;
 mod sequence;
 mod struct_;
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ use vortex::array::arrays::List;
 use vortex::array::arrays::StructArray;
 use vortex::array::arrays::struct_::StructArrayExt;
 use vortex::buffer::BitChunks;
+use vortex::encodings::fastlanes::RLE;
 use vortex::encodings::runend::RunEnd;
 use vortex::encodings::sequence::Sequence;
 use vortex::error::VortexExpect;
@@ -244,6 +246,11 @@ fn new_array_exporter_with_flatten(
         Err(array) => array,
     };
 
+    let array = match array.try_downcast::<RLE>() {
+        Ok(array) => return rle::new_exporter_with_flatten(array, cache, ctx, flatten),
+        Err(array) => array,
+    };
+
     let array = match array.try_downcast::<Dict>() {
         Ok(array) => return dict::new_exporter_with_flatten(&array, cache, ctx, flatten),
         Err(array) => array,

diff --git a/vortex-duckdb/src/exporter/rle.rs b/vortex-duckdb/src/exporter/rle.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
+
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use num_traits::AsPrimitive;
+use vortex::array::ExecutionCtx;
+use vortex::array::IntoArray;
+use vortex::array::arrays::PrimitiveArray;
+use vortex::array::match_each_unsigned_integer_ptype;
+use vortex::array::validity::Validity;
+use vortex::dtype::IntegerPType;
+use vortex::encodings::fastlanes::FL_CHUNK_SIZE;
+use vortex::encodings::fastlanes::RLEArray;
+use vortex::encodings::fastlanes::RLEArrayExt;
+use vortex::error::VortexResult;
+
+use crate::duckdb::ReusableDict;
+use crate::duckdb::SelectionVector;
+use crate::duckdb::VectorRef;
+use crate::exporter::ColumnExporter;
+use crate::exporter::all_invalid;
+use crate::exporter::cache::ConversionCache;
+use crate::exporter::cached_values_dict;
+use crate::exporter::canonical;
+
+struct RLEExporter<I: IntegerPType, O: IntegerPType> {
+    values: ReusableDict,
+    indices: PrimitiveArray,
+    values_idx_offsets: PrimitiveArray,
+    /// Offset relative to the first chunk
+    offset: usize,
+    indices_type: PhantomData<I>,
+    values_idx_offsets_type: PhantomData<O>,
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn new_exporter_with_flatten(
+    array: RLEArray,
+    cache: &ConversionCache,
+    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    flatten: bool,
+) -> VortexResult<Box<dyn ColumnExporter>> {
+    if flatten || array.is_empty() {
+        return canonical::new_exporter(array.into_array(), cache, ctx);
+    }
+    // DuckDB dictionary can't carry validity on codes.
+    // Don't execute the validity mask, if there's a chance of NULL,
+    // canonicalize
+    match array.indices().validity()? {
+        Validity::AllInvalid => return Ok(all_invalid::new_exporter()),
+        Validity::Array(_) => return canonical::new_exporter(array.into_array(), cache, ctx),
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    let indices = array.indices().clone().execute::<PrimitiveArray>(ctx)?;
+    let values = array.values().clone();
+    let values_idx_offsets = array
+        .values_idx_offsets()
+        .clone()
+        .execute::<PrimitiveArray>(ctx)?;
+
+    let values = cached_values_dict(values, cache, ctx)?;
+    match_each_unsigned_integer_ptype!(indices.ptype(), |I| {
+        match_each_unsigned_integer_ptype!(values_idx_offsets.ptype(), |O| {
+            Ok(Box::new(RLEExporter {
+                values,
+                indices,
+                values_idx_offsets,
+                offset: array.offset(),
+                indices_type: PhantomData::<I>,
+                values_idx_offsets_type: PhantomData::<O>,
+            }))
+        })
+    })
+}
+
+impl<I, O> ColumnExporter for RLEExporter<I, O>
+where
+    I: IntegerPType + AsPrimitive<u32>,
+    O: IntegerPType + AsPrimitive<u32>,
+{
+    fn export(
+        &self,
+        offset: usize,
+        len: usize,
+        vector: &mut VectorRef,
+        _ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    ) -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let mut selection_vec = SelectionVector::with_capacity(len);
+        let mut selection = unsafe { selection_vec.as_slice_mut(len) };
+
+        let indices = self.indices.as_slice::<I>();
+        let values_idx_offsets = self.values_idx_offsets.as_slice::<O>();
+
+        let mut pos = self.offset + offset;
+        let end = pos + len;
+
+        let first_idx_offset = values_idx_offsets[0];
+        while pos < end {
+            let chunk_idx = pos / FL_CHUNK_SIZE;
+            let base: u32 = (values_idx_offsets[chunk_idx] - first_idx_offset).as_();
+            let take = ((chunk_idx + 1) * FL_CHUNK_SIZE).min(end) - pos;
+
+            for (dst, idx) in selection[..take].iter_mut().zip(&indices[pos..pos + take]) {
+                let idx: u32 = idx.as_();
+                *dst = base + idx;
+            }
+
+            selection = &mut selection[take..];
+            pos += take;
+        }
+
+        vector.reuse_dictionary(&self.values, &selection_vec);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use vortex::array::ArrayRef;
+    use vortex::array::IntoArray;
+    use vortex::array::VortexSessionExecute;
+    use vortex::array::arrays::PrimitiveArray;
+    use vortex::encodings::fastlanes::RLEArray;
+    use vortex::encodings::fastlanes::RLEData;
+    use vortex::error::VortexResult;
+
+    use crate::SESSION;
+    use crate::cpp::duckdb_type::DUCKDB_TYPE_INTEGER;
+    use crate::duckdb::DataChunk;
+    use crate::duckdb::LogicalType;
+    use crate::exporter::ConversionCache;
+    use crate::exporter::new_array_exporter;
+
+    fn encode_rle(values: Vec<i32>) -> VortexResult<RLEArray> {
+        let mut ctx = SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let primitive = PrimitiveArray::from_iter(values);
+        RLEData::encode(primitive.as_view(), &mut ctx)
+    }
+
+    fn export_flat(array: ArrayRef, len: usize) -> VortexResult<Vec<i32>> {
+        let mut ctx = SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let mut chunk = DataChunk::new([LogicalType::new(DUCKDB_TYPE_INTEGER)]);
+        new_array_exporter(array, &ConversionCache::default(), &mut ctx)?.export(
+            0,
+            len,
+            chunk.get_vector_mut(0),
+            &mut ctx,
+        )?;
+        chunk.set_len(len);
+        let vector = chunk.get_vector(0);
+        vector.flatten(len as u64);
+        Ok(vector.as_slice_with_len::<i32>(len).to_vec())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_roundtrip_two_chunks() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let expected: Vec<i32> = (0i32..2048).map(|i| i / 100).collect();
+        let rle = encode_rle(expected.clone())?;
+        let exported = export_flat(rle.into_array(), 2048)?;
+        assert_eq!(exported, expected);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_roundtrip_boundary() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let source: Vec<i32> = (0i32..2048).map(|i| i / 100).collect();
+        let rle = encode_rle(source.clone())?;
+        let sliced = rle.into_array().slice(500..1700)?;
+        let exported = export_flat(sliced, 1200)?;
+        assert_eq!(exported, source[500..1700]);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_roundtrip_slice() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let source: Vec<i32> = (0i32..3072).map(|i| i / 100).collect();
+        let rle = encode_rle(source.clone())?;
+        let sliced = rle.into_array().slice(1200..2000)?;
+        let exported = export_flat(sliced, 800)?;
+        assert_eq!(exported, source[1200..2000]);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn chunk_string(array: ArrayRef, offset: usize, len: usize) -> VortexResult<String> {
+        let mut ctx = SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let mut chunk = DataChunk::new([LogicalType::new(DUCKDB_TYPE_INTEGER)]);
+        new_array_exporter(array, &ConversionCache::default(), &mut ctx)?.export(
+            offset,
+            len,
+            chunk.get_vector_mut(0),
+            &mut ctx,
+        )?;
+        chunk.set_len(len);
+        String::try_from(&*chunk)
+    }
+
+    fn two_chunk_rle() -> VortexResult<RLEArray> {
+        let mut ctx = SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let source: Vec<i32> = std::iter::repeat_n(10i32, 1024)
+            .chain(std::iter::repeat_n(20, 1024))
+            .collect();
+        RLEData::encode(PrimitiveArray::from_iter(source).as_view(), &mut ctx)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_one_chunk() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let rle = two_chunk_rle()?;
+        let chunk_str = chunk_string(rle.into_array(), 0, 5)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            chunk_str,
+            r#"Chunk - [1 Columns]
+- DICTIONARY INTEGER: 5 = [ 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]
+"#
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_one_chunk_nulls() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let mut ctx = SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let source = vec![Some(0u32), Some(1), None, Some(3), None];
+        let rle = RLEData::encode(PrimitiveArray::from_option_iter(source).as_view(), &mut ctx)?;
+        let chunk_str = chunk_string(rle.into_array(), 0, 5)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            chunk_str,
+            r#"Chunk - [1 Columns]
+- FLAT INTEGER: 5 = [ 0, 1, NULL, 3, NULL]
+"#
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_chunk_boundary() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let rle = two_chunk_rle()?;
+        let chunk_str = chunk_string(rle.into_array(), 1020, 10)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            chunk_str,
+            r#"Chunk - [1 Columns]
+- DICTIONARY INTEGER: 10 = [ 10, 10, 10, 10, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20]
+"#
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_chunk_slice() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let rle = two_chunk_rle()?;
+        let sliced = rle.into_array().slice(1500..1510)?;
+        let chunk_str = chunk_string(sliced, 0, 10)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            chunk_str,
+            r#"Chunk - [1 Columns]
+- FLAT INTEGER: 10 = [ 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20]
+"#
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_roundtrip_with_nulls() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let source: Vec<Option<i32>> = (0i32..1024)
+            .map(|i| if i % 7 == 0 { None } else { Some(i / 50) })
+            .collect();
+        let mut ctx = SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let primitive = PrimitiveArray::from_option_iter(source.clone());
+        let rle = RLEData::encode(primitive.as_view(), &mut ctx)?;
+
+        let mut chunk = DataChunk::new([LogicalType::new(DUCKDB_TYPE_INTEGER)]);
+        new_array_exporter(rle.into_array(), &ConversionCache::default(), &mut ctx)?.export(
+            0,
+            1024,
+            chunk.get_vector_mut(0),
+            &mut ctx,
+        )?;
+        chunk.set_len(1024);
+
+        let vector = chunk.get_vector(0);
+        vector.flatten(1024);
+        let slice = vector.as_slice_with_len::<i32>(1024);
+        for (i, expected) in source.iter().enumerate() {
+            if let Some(v) = expected {
+                assert!(!vector.row_is_null(i as u64), "row {i} is null");
+                assert_eq!(slice[i], *v);
+            } else {
+                assert!(vector.row_is_null(i as u64), "row {i} not null");
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/vortex-duckdb/src/exporter/run_end.rs b/vortex-duckdb/src/exporter/run_end.rs
@@ -135,10 +135,37 @@ mod tests {
     use vortex::error::VortexResult;
 
     use crate::SESSION;
+    use crate::cpp::duckdb_type::DUCKDB_TYPE_INTEGER;
     use crate::duckdb::DataChunk;
     use crate::duckdb::LogicalType;
     use crate::exporter::ArrayExporter;
     use crate::exporter::ConversionCache;
+    use crate::exporter::new_array_exporter;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_one_chunk_null() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let mut ctx = SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let source = vec![Some(0u32), Some(1), None, Some(3), None];
+        let array = PrimitiveArray::from_option_iter(source);
+        let array = RunEnd::encode(array.into_array(), &mut ctx)?;
+
+        let mut chunk = DataChunk::new([LogicalType::new(DUCKDB_TYPE_INTEGER)]);
+        new_array_exporter(array.into_array(), &ConversionCache::default(), &mut ctx)?.export(
+            0,
+            5,
+            chunk.get_vector_mut(0),
+            &mut ctx,
+        )?;
+        chunk.set_len(5);
+        let chunk_str = String::try_from(&*chunk)?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            chunk_str,
+            r#"Chunk - [1 Columns]
+- DICTIONARY INTEGER: 5 = [ 0, 1, NULL, 3, NULL]
+"#
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
 
     #[test]
     fn run_end_with_chunked_values_exports_across_value_chunks() -> VortexResult<()> {