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Cheatsheets for CM1035 Algorithms & Data Structures 1 #25

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init directory
lamafab Oct 29, 2022
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lamafab Nov 12, 2022
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seperate general syntax from data structures
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explicitly construct structures
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add section on vectors
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lamafab committed Nov 12, 2022
commit 3fc1eb298a9312c2358f0dc806d3fd23d50c814d
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63 changes: 60 additions & 3 deletions level-4/algorithms-and-data-structures-i/student-notes/fabio-lama/src/syntax.adoc
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Expand Up @@ -6,11 +6,18 @@ Fabio Lama <[email protected]>
:toclevels: 4
:stem:

## Workflow Chart
== Intro

image::assets/morning_chart.png[]
**Pseudocode** describes the logical steps of an algorithm or process is
(mostly) plain language.

## Pseudocode Syntax
== General Syntax (Example)

=== Workflow Chart

image::assets/morning_chart.png[width=700]

=== Pseudocode Syntax

. stem:[bb "function " "Morning"(tt "conscious, done, cereal")]
. stem:[" " bb "if " tt "conscious" = "TRUE" bb " then"]
Expand All @@ -28,3 +35,53 @@ image::assets/morning_chart.png[]
We can now call the stem:["Morning"] function:

. stem:[tt "status" larr "Morning"("TRUE", 10, 5)]

== Data Structures

=== Vectors

A **vector** is a sequentially orderer collection of elements (like an ordered
set). For example, the following vector stem:[v] is of size three and
contains the elements stem:[A], stem:[B] and stem:[C]:

[stem]
++++
v = [A, B, C]
++++

The size of the vector is **fixed**, meaning one cannot add or remove items from
it (only replace individual items).

NOTE: In some programming languages, "vector" refers to a _growable_ collection
of data, which is very different and not the case here.

==== Operations

We can do operations on vectors:

* stem:["LENGTH"\[v\]]: Returns the size of vector stem:[v].
* stem:[v\[k\]]: Returns the element of the vector stem:[v] at index
stem:[k].
* stem:[v\[k\] larr o]: Stores the element stem:[o] into the vector stem:[v]
at index stem:[k].

For example, given vector:

[stem]
++++
v = [A, B, C, D]
++++

Then:

[stem]
++++
"LENGTH"[v] = 4\
v[2] = B\
v[2] larr Z\
v[2] = Z
++++

NOTE: In programming languages, the index usually starts at stem:[0],
respectively the first element of the set is indexed at stem:[0]. In our case,
we start the index at stem:[1].