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LeetCode 60, Hard. Topics: Math, Recursion. View on LeetCode. Generate this problem as a practice environment: tested reference solution, 16 parametrized pytest cases, and a playground notebook:

Problem

The set [1, 2, 3, ..., n] contains a total of n! unique permutations. By listing and labeling all of the permutations in order, we get the following sequence for n = 3:
  • "123"
  • "132"
  • "213"
  • "231"
  • "312"
  • "321"
Given n and k, return the kth permutation sequence.

Examples

Constraints

  • 1 <= n <= 9
  • 1 <= k <= n!

Solution

Reference implementation from solution.py on GitHub, full suite in test_solution.py:

Complexity

Tags

Last modified on September 7, 2026