Reflex
Reflex is an open source framework that empowers Python developers to build full-stack web applications entirely in pure Python, eliminating the need for JavaScript or complex frontend frameworks. With Reflex, you can write, test, and refine your app using just Python, making it fast, flexible, and scalable. It features an AI Builder that allows you to describe your app idea, and it will generate a working Python app instantly, complete with backend, frontend, and database integration. Reflex's architecture compiles the frontend down to a single-page Next.js app, while the backend is powered by FastAPI, with communication handled via WebSockets. This setup ensures that all the app logic and state management stay in Python and run on the server. The framework offers over 60 built-in components based on Radix UI and supports custom React components, enabling developers to create complex UIs without writing HTML or CSS.
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NiceGUI
NiceGUI is an open source Python library that enables developers to create web-based graphical user interfaces (GUIs) using only Python code. It provides a gentle learning curve while still offering the option for advanced customizations. NiceGUI follows a backend-first philosophy: it handles all the web development details, allowing developers to focus on writing Python code. This makes it ideal for a wide range of projects, including short scripts, dashboards, robotics projects, IoT solutions, smart home automation, and machine learning. The framework is built on FastAPI for backend operations, Vue.js for frontend interaction, and Tailwind CSS for styling. Developers can create buttons, dialogs, Markdown, 3D scenes, plots, and more, all within a Python environment. NiceGUI supports real-time interactivity through WebSocket connections, enabling instant updates in the browser without page reloads. It offers a variety of components and layout options, such as rows, columns, etc.
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Socket.IO
In most cases, the connection will be established with WebSocket, providing a low-overhead communication channel between the server and the client. Rest assured! In case the WebSocket connection is not possible, it will fall back to HTTP long-polling. And if the connection is lost, the client will automatically try to reconnect. Scale to multiple servers and send events to all connected clients with ease. Socket.IO is a library that enables low-latency, bidirectional and event-based communication between a client and a server. It is built on top of the WebSocket protocol and provides additional guarantees like a fallback to HTTP long-polling or automatic reconnection. WebSocket is a communication protocol that provides a full-duplex and low-latency channel between the server and the browser. There are several Socket.IO server implementations available. And client implementations in most major languages.
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Tornado Web Server
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. By using non-blocking network I/O, Tornado can scale to tens of thousands of open connections, making it ideal for long polling, WebSockets, and other applications that require a long-lived connection to each user. Tornado is different from most Python web frameworks. It is not based on WSGI, and it is typically run with only one thread per process. While some support of WSGI is available in the tornado.wsgi module, it is not a focus of development and most applications should be written to use Tornado’s own interfaces (such as tornado.web) directly instead of using WSGI. In general, Tornado code is not thread-safe. Tornado is integrated with the standard library asyncio module and shares the same event loop (by default since Tornado 5.0). In general, libraries designed for use with asyncio can be mixed freely with Tornado.
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