Mathematics (or maths) is the study of numbers, shapes, patterns, and relationships. It helps develop logical thinking and problem-solving skills and is widely used in subjects such as science, engineering, economics, and computer science.
Branches of Mathematics
Mathematics is made up of different branches that focus on various aspects of numbers and shapes. These include algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and many others, each with its own purpose and uses.
Arithmetic
Arithmetic is the branch of math that deals with basic numbers and operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It’s the foundation of all math and is used in everyday tasks like shopping or budgeting.
- What are Numbers?
- Arithmetic Operations
- Properties of Operations
- Order of Operations
- Fractions
- Decimals
- Percentages
- Exponents
Number Theory
Number Theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties and relationships of integers. It focuses on concepts like prime numbers, divisibility, and patterns in numbers.
- Number Systems
- Divisibility Rules
- Prime Numbers
- Co-Prime Numbers
- Euclid Division Algorithm
- Modular Arithmetic
Algebra
Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with symbols and the rules for manipulating them. It helps us solve problems by setting up equations and representing numbers with letters or symbols, making it easier to work with unknown values.
- Variables and Constants
- Algebraic Expressions
- Algebraic Equations
- Coefficients
- Algebraic Operations & Properties
- Algebraic Identities
- Functions
- Polynomials
Geometry
Geometry is the branch of math that studies shapes, sizes, and the properties of space. It helps us understand things like angles, lines, circles, and areas.
- Lines and Angles
- Geometric Shapes
- Triangles
- Quadrilaterals
- Circles
- Congruency and Similarity
- Area and Perimeter
- Surface Area and Volume
Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry connects algebra and geometry using a coordinate system. It allows us to represent geometric shapes like points, lines, and curves on a graph using numbers and equations.
- Points, Lines, and Planes
- Coordinate Axes and Plane
- Cartesian Coordinate System
- X and Y Intercept
- Distance Formula
- Section Formula
- Midpoint Formula
- Conic Section
Trigonometry
Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles, especially right-angled triangles. Trigonometry defines six fundamental functions that relate the angles of a triangle to the lengths of its sides.
- Trigonometric Ratios
- Trigonometric Identities
- Trigonometric Functions
- Trigonometric Equations
- Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- Inverse Trigonometric Identities
- Applications of Trigonometry
- Height and Distance
Vector Algebra
Vector Algebra deals with vectors, which are quantities that have both magnitude and direction. It helps in solving problems related to movement, force, and geometry in 2D or 3D space using simple mathematical operations.
Calculus
Calculus is a branch of mathematics that studies continuous change, using concepts such as derivatives, integrals, limits, and infinite series. It is foundational for various fields, including physics, engineering, economics, computer science, and more.
- Differential Calculus
- Differentiation
- Integral Calculus
- Integration
- Limits in Calculus
- Continuty
- Differentiability
- Applications of Derivatives
- Applications of Integrals
Combinatorics
Combinatorics is the study of counting, selecting, arranging, and grouping objects. It helps solve problems related to combinations, permutations, and probabilities simply and logically.
- Fundamental Principle of Counting
- Permutations
- Combinations
- Difference between Permutations and Combinations
- Pigeonhole Principle
- Inclusion-Exclusion Principle
Probability
Probability deals with events and quantifies their likelihood of occurring with numerical values ranging from 0 to 1. Higher probabilities indicate a greater chance of the event happening.
- Basic Concepts of Probability
- Probability Theory
- Conditional Probability
- Bayes Theorem
- Random Variable
- Probability Distribution
- Joint, Marginal, and Conditional Distributions
Statistics
Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, organising, analysing, and interpreting data. It helps in understanding patterns, making predictions, and drawing conclusions from data sets.
- Descriptive Statistics
- Data Handling
- Measures of Central Tendency
- Inferential Statistics
- Sampling Methods
- Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
- Measures of Dispersion
Set Theory
Set Theory is a branch of mathematics that studies collections of objects, called sets. It focuses on understanding relationships between sets, such as union, intersection, and difference.
Some Common Maths Topics
In addition to these branches, some common mathematical theorems and formulas are: