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Sums of Squares Variance Standard Deviation

This document discusses three measures of variability: sums of squares, variance, and standard deviation. Sums of squares is the sum of the squared distances between individual scores and the mean. Variance is the average of the squared distances and identifies the typical squared distance from the mean. Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and measures the typical absolute distance between a score and the mean.

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16 views8 pages

Sums of Squares Variance Standard Deviation

This document discusses three measures of variability: sums of squares, variance, and standard deviation. Sums of squares is the sum of the squared distances between individual scores and the mean. Variance is the average of the squared distances and identifies the typical squared distance from the mean. Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and measures the typical absolute distance between a score and the mean.

Uploaded by

jeffe333
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sums of Squares

Variance
Standard Deviation

How different (or similar) are scores in a


distribution.

Identifies typical deviations from Central Tendency

Measures of Variability

Sums of Squares
Variance
Standard Deviation

Sum of squared distance/difference from the


average score (Mean)
Formula:

( X

X
)
i

( X X )2

Student

Exam Score

X X

74

2.5

6.25

73

1.5

2.25

77

5.5

30.25

77

5.5

30.25

71

-0.5

0.25

68

-3.5

12.25

65

-6.5

42.25

77

5.5

30.25

67

-4.5

20.25

10

66

-5.5

30.25

Total

715

SS:

204.5

Mean

71.5

The typical squared distance/difference from


the average score
Formula:

(X

X
)
i

n 1

Student
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

Exam Score
74
73
77
77
71
68
65
77
67
66
715
71.5

X X
2.5
1.5
5.5
5.5
-0.5
-3.5
-6.5
5.5
-4.5
-5.5
SS:

( X X )2
6.25
2.25
30.25
30.25
0.25
12.25
42.25
30.25
20.25
30.25
204.5

204.5 = 22.72
9

Typical distance/difference between an


individual score and the mean
Formula:

(X

X)

n 1

Student
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

Exam Score
74
73
77
77
71
68
65
77
67
66
715
71.5

X X
2.5
1.5
5.5
5.5
-0.5
-3.5
-6.5
5.5
-4.5
-5.5
SS:

( X X )2
6.25
2.25
30.25
30.25
0.25
12.25
42.25
30.25
20.25
30.25
204.5

204.5 = 22.72 = 4.77


9

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