By : Nidhi Bansal

Roll no.- 2509071

Basic principle of thermal power
plant
A thermal power plant basically works on Rankine
cycle.
Rankine cycle is a cycle that converts heat into work
Layout of thermal plant
Main parts of plant
Coal conveyor
Stoker
Pulveriser
Boiler
Coal ash
Air preheater
Electrostatic precipitator


Smoke stack
Turbine
Condenser
Economizer
Transformers
Cooling towers
Generators
High - voltage power lines







1. Coal conveyor
A belt type arrangement.
From coal storage place
in power plant to the
place near by boiler.
2. Stoker
Mechanical device for feeding coal to a furnace
This mechanism is required for feeding coal into the
furnace through mechanical methods
3. Pulveriser
Device for grinding coal for combustion in a furnace in
a power plant.
Types of Pulverisers :
Ball and Tube Mill
Ring and Ball
4. Boiler
An enclosed vessel in
which water is heated
and circulated until the
water is turned in to
steam at the required
pressure.
Coal is burned inside the
combustion chamber of
boiler.

Classification of Boilers
Fire tube boilers
Water tube boilers
Superheater
Reheater
5. Condenser
Heat exchangers which
convert steam from its
gaseous to its liquid state,
also known as phase
transition.
The purpose to condense the
outlet (or exhaust) steam
from steam turbine is to
obtain maximum efficiency.
Condensers are classified as
Jet condensers or contact
condensers
Surface condensers.
6. Cooling Towers
Device in which atmospheric
air (the heat receiver)
circulates in direct or indirect
contact with warmer water
(the heat source) and the
water is thereby cooled.

7. Economiser
Recover some of the heat from the heat carried away in
the flue gases up the chimney and utilize for heating
the feed water to the boiler.
8. Air preheater
Device used in steam boilers to transfer heat from the
flue gases to the combustion air before the air enters
the furnace.
Improve boiler efficiency by burning warm air which
increases combustion efficiency, and reducing useful
heat lost from the flue.
9. Electrostatic precipitator
Device which removes
dust or other finely
divided particles from
flue gases by charging
the particles inductively
with an electric field,
then attracting them to
highly charged collector
plates.
10. Smoke stack
A smoke stack(chimney)
is a system for venting
hot flue gases or smoke
from a boiler, stove,
furnace or fireplace to
the outside atmosphere.
11. Generator
An alternator is an
electromechanical
device that converts
mechanical energy to
alternating current
electrical energy.
12. Transmitter
Use sensing element and use to measure pressure,
temperature and level measurement
Also called differential transformer
Works on the principle that input differential pressure
converted into capacitance which gives amplified
current output
14. Temperature Measurement
Expansion thermometer
Change of state of thermometer
Electrical measurement of temperature

Expansion thermometer:-
Liquid in glass thermometer
Thermocouple
15. Pressure measurement
Manometer
Bourden Tube
Pressure switch
16. Transformers
Device that transfers electric energy from one
alternating-current circuit to one or more other
circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing
(stepping down) the voltage
17. Power generation
Following steps:-
Coal to steam
steam to mechanical power
switching and transmission
Auxiliary systems
Boiler make-up water treatment plant and storage
Fuel preparation system
Barring gear
Oil system
Generator cooling
Generator high voltage system
Monitoring and alarm system
Battery supplied emergency lighting and
communication
Questions????