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100% found this document useful (2 votes)
2K views41 pagesCharts For The Design of Circular Columns To BS 8110
Charts for the circular design of Column as per BS 8110
Uploaded by
Sathyanarayanan DhandapaniCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 41
BCA = Charts for the design
al of circular columns
to BS 8110
W.G. Batchelor BTech(fing) and A.W. Beeby Introduction
When CP 110% was published in 1972, Part 3 included a series of design charts
for circular columns and prestressed beams. The British Standards Institution found
sales of CP 110 : Pari 3 were not high, so these charts were not included in
BS 8110 when it was published in 1985. ‘The charts for prestressed beams do
not seem to have been missed, but both the British Cement Association and BSI have
received a steady stream of enquiries for design charts for circular columns. This
publication is the response to these enquiries.
The charts are presented in a form which is 28 close as possible 1o that in CP 110:
Part 3 so that they will be familiar to users of the old charts. The derivation of the
charts is, however, slightly more rigorous than the method used in CP 110. This will be
discussed further in the next section,
The charts in CP 110 were developed, not unzeasonably,
for use when designing
‘members in strict accordance with the Code. It was therefore necessary to cover only
the specific grades of concrete and stecl recommended in the Code. There are.
however, situations where non-standard concrete grades have to be taken into
account, or possibly where the reinforeement to be used is not in accordance with the
appropriate British Standard (for example, when designing for jobs ubroad, or
checking an existing structure), To cope with these situations, four extra chars have
been included which use non-dimensional parameters and which can be applied to any
rade of conerete or stecl, These charts are not as rigorous 2s the main set because they
do not allow for the slight changes in geometry of the parabolic-rectangular stress
block with change in cube strength, Nor do they allow for the fact that changes in the
yield strain of the steel with change in steel grade will have an influence on the lower
Paris ofthe curves. These effects are, however, relatively minor.
Contents
Derivation of charts ...-coeseev
References
Notation
Figures 1-7
Design charts
48.43 Fist published 1989
18BN 07120 13805
Price group F
{© British Cement Astociaion 1989
British Cement Association
Century House, Telford Avenue
Crowthome, Becks RG4S 6¥S
Tel: (01344) 762676
Fax: (01348) 761214
Al advice ot nformation from the British Cement Association i intended for those who wil evaluate the significance and imitations ofits
‘omientsand tke responsiiity Tor is use and aplicat on. No abil (rnelading that for negligence) for en} fess reolng feos aoe
ox information i asoepted. Readers should note tha all BCA publications ate subject revision from ime time uf should therefore
ensure that they are in posession othe latest version New or revised British Standards
Update for BCA publications
New or revised British Standards for concrete and for most cements have now been
published. These changes may result in parts of some BCA publications being out of date.
This insert will help readers by outlining the main changes in the Bi
ish Standards and
explaining how the information in this publication, where relevant, may be converted to
accord with the new standards.
Specifications for cement
Most partsof anew European Standard for the testing
‘of cement (EN 196) have been published. This standard
will have little effect on concrete practice, butitshould
benoted that the method of testing coment strength by
using concrete cubes (BS 4550) has been replaced by a
mortar prism test (EN 196: Part 1). This gives higher
results, and an approximate relationship between
‘mortar prism and concrete cube compressive strengths,
for thesame cement, is given in Table 1.
Table 1
| valueof Moar prism compressive strength, y(N/mum)
2 3 7 2%
as | ial 134 130
Imanticipation ofa European Standard for cements
(EN 197}, nevr British Standards have been published as
follows:
BS 12: 1991 Specification for Portland cement
BS 146: 1991 Specification for Portland blasifurnace
contents
a) Portland slag coment
1) blastfurnace cement
BS 4027: 1991 Specification for sulfale-resisting Portland
cement
[BS 4246: 1991 Specification for high slag blastfiurnace
cement
BS 6588: 1991 Specification for Portland pulverised-fuel
ash cements
2) Portland fly ash cement
©) pozzolanic cement
[Table 2 strength asses of Bish Standandcemen's
|" 32.5N 3
BS12 v
BS 146 y
BS 4027 Y
v
BS 6588
BS 7583
Strongth class
425N
BS 6610: 1991 Specification for pozzolanic pulverised-fuet
ash cement
BS 7883: 1992 Specification for Portland imestone coment
Allthese cements contain Portland cement clinkeras a
‘mainconstituent’
Most cements are divided into ‘strenath classes
defined by a number (32.5, 42.5,52.50r 62.5) that is
the cement sspecified minimum strength at28 days,
inlN/mm’, as measured by the new mortar prism test
This numbers followed by aletter(L, Nor) that
indicates low, ordinary, orhigh early strength. The
strength classes specified for the various cements are
given in Table?
No strength classes are specified for coments to BS 4246
and BS6610, but they must comply with specified
minimum strengths.
Inthis publication, when relevant, the following,
equivalents may beassumed:
‘© Where ordinary Portland cement is mentioned,
the equivalent isPortland cement -class 42.5,
complying with BS 12: 1991
‘© Where rapid-hardening Portland cementis
mentioned, the equivalentisPortland cement
class 52.5, complying with BS 12: 1991, or Portland
cement class 42.5R, complying with BS 12: 1991,
¢- Where sulfate-resisting Portland cementis
mentioned, the equivalent issulfate-resisting
Portland cement - class 42.5, complying with
BS 4027:1991.
Although there are some changes in cements
complying with BS 4246, 6588 and 6610, the
information given on thesecements isstill generally
applicable, Concrete mixes
'BS5328: 1981 hasbeen replaced by a new edition,
published in four parts, as follows:
BS 5328: Concrete
Part 1:1991 Guide to specifying concrete
Part 2:1991 Methods for specifying concrete mixes
Part 3: 1990 Specification for the procedures to be sed in
producing and transporting concrete
Part 4: 1990 Specification for the procedures to be used in
sampling, testing and assessing compliance
of concrete
The following types of mix specification are now
Included:
Designed mixes
There were in the earlier edition of BS5328, and almost
no changes have been made.
Prescribed mixes
‘Theseare essentially the same as the old special
prescribed mixes.
Standard
Theseare similar to the old ordinary prescribed mixes,
but the designations havechanged as follows:
C7SP becomes ST1
C1OP becomes ST2
C1SP becomes ST3
C20P becomes ST4
C25P becomes STS
C30? hasbeen deleted.
The workabilities of these mixes have increased to
75and 125 mm slumpto reflect current site practice.
Jan 1985,
INE 109-0195
(© Botish Cement Astociatcn 199%
Nledice onto
Designated mixes
Theseare new mixes, introduced in BS 5328: Part 2,
Section 5,
‘They may only be supplied by a plantthat has third-
party quality assurance, that
© The specifier or purchaser needs to specify only a
imix designation, chosen from BS 3328, and a few
other essential items applicable to the end use
© The producer then supplies a mix complying with
all the requirements of BS 328 forthe specified
designated mix.
© Conformity is assured by the third-party quality
assurance scheme, so there isno need for purchasers
todo any acceptance testing, although they may do
soif they wish.
Itis expected that designated mixes willbethe usual
‘method for specifying reedy-mixed concrete in future
More details of designated mixesare given in
Designated mixes for structural applicationsand Designated
iixes for housing and associated works, obtainable from.
the BCA.
r
‘specification or practical applications, the latest
revisions of British Standards and similar
J
‘Whenusing any publication for guidance on |
documents should be consulted.
BOA
British Coment Association
Century Fuse, Telford Avene,
Croxethorns,Herks RGIS 6YS
“Telephone: (01344) 762676
Fax: 1M 751214
ros th Dr Cement Asscatin isnt for tose whoo evaluate te agaiicenc and ln Aatonfitscontent and take
"esposbity fo s weer applcaion Nofabiyincng tat ornegigence for ory love rnling fom such nv fonnsion sree Perks shoul
‘note that ll 9CA pulliaions ares torvisens trom ime totime and chou thanore ovary sen possesion neato, Derivation of charts
‘The charts have been drawn using the assumptions set out in BS 8110 clause 3.4.4.1
and the stress-strain curves for concrete set out in BS 8110 Figures 2.1 and 2.2. The
stress-strain curves are reproduced here in Figures | and 2 and the application of the
assumptions is illustrated in Figure 3 (see pages 6 and 7).
CP 110 : 1972 stated that circular columns should contain at least six bars. This
provision does not appear in BS 8110, though itis believed that the omission was
inadvertent. Six bars scem a reasonable minimum so this number has becn assumed in
developing the charts. The charts will be slightly conservative it more bars are used,
‘but could be unconservative if fewer than six bars are present
In CP 110, the charts were drawn on the assumption that the arrangement of
reinforcement relative to the axis of bending is es shown in Figure 4(a). However, it
hhas been discovered that this is not necessarily the worst case for all combinations of
axial load and moment since the arrangement shown in Figure 4(b) is more critical in
some circumstances. In producing these charts, the more critical of the two
arrangements is chosen for each combination of axial load and moment. The effect of
this on the shape of the curves is illustrated in Figure 5, which shows the interaction,
diagrams for the two arrangements of bars for a particular steel percentage. The curves
on the design charts are envelopes of these two cases.
In carrying out the calculations for the charts, the forces carried by the concrete are
obtained by dividing the compression zone into 20 strips, assessing the stress in each
strip from the parabolic-rectangular diagram and then using numerical integration ¢o
obtain the total force and moment on the conerete.
The non-dimensional charts, numberg 25-28, have been produced simply by changing
the chart axes drawn for 30 Nimm? concrete and 460 Nimm? reinforcement. To
indicate the magnitude of the approximation involved in using the charts for other
steel and concrete strengths, Figures 6(a) and 6(b) compare curves drawn for high and
ow concrete and steel strengths. It will be seen that the effect of concrete strength is
negligible, while the curves willbe slightly conservative if used for low-strength steels.
Slender circular
columns
BS 8110 docs not give any indication of how slender circular columns should be
designed. In fact, the derivation of the equations for additional moments is equally
applicable to both circular and rectangular columns, and the research report~ where
the derivation of the CP 110 method is described” — reports parameter studies
on both types of column. Desiga of slender circular columns is intrinsically simpler
than design of rectangular columns since the section dimensions arc the same in all
directions, and moments about two axes can always be transformed to uniaxial
bending. This makes clauses 3.8.3.3 to 3.8.3.6 of BS 8110 redundant and reduces,
equation 34 to:
8, = (1/2000) x (1M
where h is the overall diameter of the column. The only modification to the Code is in
1.1 where Nyy needs redefining. It is suggested that, for circular columns,
may be taken as:
Nout = 0.15 fay h?
This definition of Ni was used to calculate the K-factors (defined in equation
32), which are presented as a series of straight broken lines on the charts, Charts
Examples
The charts are drawn for 460 grade stecl, the only grade steel generally used at present
in the UK, for concrete grades of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 and for values of hh of
0.9,0.8,0.7 and 0.6.
1. Short column
Design the cross-section of a circular column to withstand the following moment and
axial load a1 the ultimate limit state:
M= 153.5 kNm
N= 2400kN
‘The column is 400 mm diameter, requires 30 mm cover to the main bars and will be
‘made using 50 grade concrete. Assuming 25 mm bars, the cage diameter, h,, will be:
400-2 x 30-25 = 315 mm. Therefore hy = 315/400 = 0.79
Chart 23 will be near enough
Ni? = 15
Mh? =2.4
From chart 23, 100 Ay/Ae = 1.95%.
Hence A,. = 2450 mm?
Use six 25 mm bars = 2946 mm?
2. Slender column
Design the critical seetion of the braced column shown in Figure 7. The column is 300
‘mm in diameter and will be made of 40 grade concrete,
(a) Estimate the effective length. The end conditions are best described as Type 2
in Table 3.21 of BS 8110 at both top and bottom.
Hence = 0.85,
0.85 x 7100
6035 mm,
Hence slenderness ratio
= 6035/300
= 20.12
(6) Resolve moments to uniaxial moments.
=19.80kNm
41.34kNm (d)
(e)
o
Moment near mid-height
greater of 0.6 x 41.34-0.4 x 19.8 = 16.88
or 0.4 x 41.34 16.54
Hence M, = 16.88 kNm
Additional moment
Maas = 1/2000 * (1,/h)? NBK
= 1/2000 (20.12)? x [1700 300/100] x K kN
02 x K kNm
Stool area
Nik? = 1700/300? x 1000
8.89
Mi? = [(16.88 x 1093007] + [(102 * 10° x Ky300"]
0.63 + 3.78 x K
Assuming 25mm bar
bn, = 300-2x 30-25 =215
hyh =0.72
Use chart number 14.
‘As Kis unknown, trial and error has to be used.
() Guess K = 0.5. This gives Mih? = 2.52.
Using the chart gives A! Ac = 4.7% and K = 0.42.
(Gi) Since the moment will be smaller than assumed in (i)
K will be below 0.42.
‘Try K = 0.35. This gives M/h? = 1.95.
Using the chart gives A.A = 4% and K = 0.34. This is near enough.
Hence Ay = 0.04 * 300? x m/4
2827 mm?
Use six 25 mm bars, which gives A. = 2946 mn
‘Check other sections.
Final design moment was 1.95 h?
= 52.65 kNm
This is greater than the maximum end moment (41.34 kNm) and also greater
than the minimum end moment plus half the additional moment (37.7 kNm).
Hence the design is controlled by conditions at midl-height.
‘Tne minimum eccentricity (enin)
Hence, minimum moment
‘The design moment exceeds this, hence no action is needed. References
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. The siructural use of concrete
Part I: Design, materials and workmanship. London, the Institution, 1972.
CP 110: Part 1: 1972.
2 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. Structural use of concrete. Part 1
Code of practice for design and construction. London, the Institution, 1985
BS 8110: Part £1985
3. CRANSTON, W.B. Analysis and design of reinforced concrete columns.
London, Cement and Concrete Association, 1972. 54 pp. (41.020).
Notation
Ac = Area of concrete = nh?/4
Bec Total area of reinforcement
tbe Characteristic strength of concrete
5 Characteristic strength of reinforcement
h = Overall diameter of column
hy - Diameter of reinforcement cage
K = Additional moment reduetion factor
a - Clear height of column between end restraints
L = Effective length of column,
M = Design ultimate moment
M, = Initial design ultimate moment near mid-height of a
braced column
Masa Additional moment induced by deflection of column
M, = Algebraically smaller initial end moment
My = Algebraically larger initial end moment
N = Design ultimate axial load
New - Design axial load capacity of a balanced section
8, Deflection coefficient Figures
a van coms
reno fie
Figure 1: Short-term design stress-strain curve for normal weight concrete.
Figure2: Short-term design stress-strain curve for reintorcomert. Figure 4: Arrangements of reinforcement assumed in calculations.
‘rangement ()
F
Figure 5; Effect of bar arrangement on interaction diagram, Mie 02
° 005 ot
Figure 6(a}: Influence of concrete strength on shape of diagram.
° 008 OF
Mia,
Figure 6(b): Influence of yield strength on shape of diagram. 200 mma
F 200mm sta
coun
tt
Figure 7: Braced column.
Design charts
vais
‘The charts which follow are drawn for 460 grade steel, conerete grades of 25, 30, 35,
40, 45 and $0 and for values of hy/h of 0.9, 0.8, 0.7 and 0.6. Chart numbers are given
in Table 1 below. Note that charts 25 to 28 are non-dimensional.
h
h = overall diameter of column
smeter of reinforcement cage
Ratio Concrete grade Non-
bf 2 30 35 50 dimensional
06 1 os 9 a 2%
07 2 6 10 2 26
08 307 nu 23 a
09 4 8 2 mn 28
Ld
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