Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
37 views3 pages

Math Notes

The document defines the definite integral and some of its key properties. It introduces the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which states that if f(x) is continuous on [a,b] and F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x), then the definite integral from a to b of f(x) dx is equal to F(b) - F(a). It provides a proof of this theorem using Riemann sums and the Mean Value Theorem. Examples are also given to demonstrate how to evaluate definite integrals using this theorem.

Uploaded by

ChristianLegge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views3 pages

Math Notes

The document defines the definite integral and some of its key properties. It introduces the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which states that if f(x) is continuous on [a,b] and F(x) is an antiderivative of f(x), then the definite integral from a to b of f(x) dx is equal to F(b) - F(a). It provides a proof of this theorem using Riemann sums and the Mean Value Theorem. Examples are also given to demonstrate how to evaluate definite integrals using this theorem.

Uploaded by

ChristianLegge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Section 2.

() = lim ( )

=1

= () if () is continuous and () 0 on [, ]
If () is negative on some part of [, ] we can still define the definite integral
but it may no longer represent the area of a region.

If > , we define () = ()
3

e.g., We know that 1 ( 3 1) = 18 so


1

( 3 1) = 18
3

If = then () = 0 (Width = 0 => Area = 0)


Other properties of definite integrals:

1. () = () for any constant

2. [() + ()] = () + ()
3. [() ()] = () ()
Also, observe that

1 = =

e.g., Given 0 cos() = 1, find 0 [4 7cos()] .


We can write

[4 7cos()] = 4 7 cos()
0

= 4 ( 0) 7 1
2

= 2 7

Theorem: If () is integrable on all corresponding closed intervals,

() = () + ()

e.g., Given 0 2 = and 2 =


3

5
2

2
3
Evaluate 0 () where () = {9 for < 2
4 for 2
3

() = () + ()
0

= 0 9 2 + 2 4
2

= 9 0 2 + 4 2
8

= 9 + 4 = 24 + 10 = 34

Section 2.3: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus


Theorem: The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
If () is continuous on [, ] and () is any antiderivative of () then

() = () ()

Proof: We have () = lim =1 ( )

Where is a sample point on the th subinterval of a partition of [, ].


If we consider the th subinterval [1 , ] we can apply the Mean Value Theorem
because we have assumed that () is differentiable, and therefore continuous.
Thus there must exist on this subinterval a point at which
( ) =
( ) =

( )(1 )
1

rise
run

( ) (1 )

( ) = ( ) (1 )

Thus () = lim =1 ( ) for =

= lim [ ( ) (1 )]

=1

But =1[( ) (1 )] = [(1 ) (0 )] + [(2 ) (1 )] + +


[( ) (1 )]
= [( ) (0 )]
= () ()

Then () = lim [() ()] = () ()

You might also like