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Basics PDF

Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves to transmit voice and data through open space. Signals are converted to electrical signals and transmitted via an antenna, then decoded by a receiving antenna. Various radio frequencies are used as carrier waves, including frequencies between 300 GHz and 3 kHz. Mobile stations communicate bidirectionally with base stations using techniques like FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA. Protocols define data formats, addressing, routing, error detection, flow control and more to enable wireless communication. Common wireless standards include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, Bluetooth, HSDPA, and EV-DO.

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74 views10 pages

Basics PDF

Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves to transmit voice and data through open space. Signals are converted to electrical signals and transmitted via an antenna, then decoded by a receiving antenna. Various radio frequencies are used as carrier waves, including frequencies between 300 GHz and 3 kHz. Mobile stations communicate bidirectionally with base stations using techniques like FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA. Protocols define data formats, addressing, routing, error detection, flow control and more to enable wireless communication. Common wireless standards include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, Bluetooth, HSDPA, and EV-DO.

Uploaded by

ee12b056
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wireless Communication

Basics

Transmitting voice and data using electromagnetic waves in open space

These

are converted to electrical signals and are transmitted using an

antenna which constitues the transmitter and the receiver end contains an
antenna which picks up this and decodes it back.
EM

waves in the frequency range of 20 Hz - 20 kHz (audio-frequency

range) cannot be efficiently radiated


Antenna

size is proportional to wavelength. So a carrier wave is used to

send the signal using amplitude and frequency modulation techniques


So

radio waves in the frequency range of 300 GHz to as low as 3 kHz, are

used as carrier wave

To enable two-way communication (full-duplex communication) we use


techniques like FDMA,TDMA,CDMA.

Wireless System Definitions

Mobile Station:

Base station:

A fixed station in a mobile radio system used for radio


communication with the mobile stations. Located at centre it
consists of radio channels and transmitter and receiver antennas
mounted on top of a tower.

Mobile Switching Center:

A station intended for use while in motion at unspecified locations.


They can be either hand-held personal units (portables) or installed
on vehicles (mobiles)

It coordinates the routing of calls in a large service area.The MSC


connects the cellular base stations and the mobiles to the PSTN
(telephone network).

Subscriber:

User paying for using a mobile communication system

Transceiver:

Handoff:

The process of transferring a mobile station from one channel or


base station to an other.

Roamer:

A device capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving


radio signals

A mobile station which operates in a service area (market) other


than that from which service has been subscribed.

Page:

A brief message which is broadcast over the entire service area.

Communication Protocols

Data formats for data exchange

Address formats for data exchange

Address mapping

Routing

Detection of transmission errors

Acknowledgements of correct reception

Loss of information - timeouts and retries

Direction of information flow

Sequence controL

Flow control

Communication Protocols

There are a variety of protocols currently in use for


wireless networking.
IEEE 802.11 is a set of media access control (MAC) and
physical layer (PHY) specifications for implementing
wireless local area network (WLAN) computer
communication in the 2.4, 3.6, 5 and 60 GHz frequency
bands.
802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g represent three popular
wireless communication standard

802.11b operates in the unregulated 2.4 Ghz frequency


range.
Microwave ovens, Bluetooth devices, baby monitors,
cordless telephones and some amateur radio equipment
work at the same range
802.11g operates at same frequency range but uses
OFDM technique for modulation and has better data
transfer rate
802.11a also uses OFDM technique for modulation but it
operates at 5GHz range

Bluetooth devices trasnmit at relatively low power and


have a range of only 30 feet
Bluetooth networks also use the unregulated 2.4 Ghz
frequency range.
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access is an enhanced 3G
communications protocol
Enhanced Voice-Data Optimized protocol uses CDMA for
broadband connection

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