ANALOG
&
DIGITAL
COMMUNICATION
LAB
FILE
NSIT
SUBMITTED BY:NAME:-JAIDEEP KUMAR
ROLL NO :- 738/IT/13
INDEX
S.NO.
TOPIC
DATE
T.SIGN
EXPERIMENT NO.1
AIM-(a.) MATRIX COMPUTATION.
SOLUTIONa=[1 6 3; 2 5 6; 3 6 8]
OUTPUT
b=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
OUTPUT
a=
b=
r=a+2
c=a'
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
r=3
c= 1
10
d=a*b
e=a.*b
OUTPUT
d=
OUTPUT
46
56
66
e=
64
77
90
83
100
117
21
12
25
48
9
36
72
g=inv(a)
d=det(a)
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
g=
d=
0.5714
-4.2857
0.2857
-0.1429
-0.4286
1.7143
3.0000
0
-1.0000
(b.)TO PLOT SINE WAVE OF FREQUENCY 200 HZ
clc;
x=0:0.0002:0.02;
f=200;
y=sin(2*pi*f*x);
plot(x,y);
OUTPUT
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
0.01
0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018
0.02
(C) TO PLOT A PULSE OF WIDTH 10.
clc;
x=0:0.05:15;
f=1/20;
y=square(2*pi*f*x);
plot(x,y);
OUTPUT
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
10
15
(d)PLOT THE SPECTRUM (AMPLITUDE AND
PHASE)OF THE PULSE GENERATOR IN(c).
clc;
x=0:0.1:13;
f=1/20;
y=square(2*pi*f*x);
z=real(fftshift(fft(y)));
plot(x,z);
OUTPUT
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
10
12
14
EXPERIMENT NO. 2
TITLE:1. To plot the probability density function of
a set of random numbers and compute its mean
and variance.
2. To plot the probability density function of a set
of normally distributed numbers and compute its
mean and variance.
Solution:1) clc;
n=rand(1,1000);
m=mean(n)
v=var(n)
hist(n)
OUTPUT:
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Solution:2) clc;
n=randn(1,1000);
m=mean(n)
v=var(n)
hist(n)
OUTPUT:
250
200
150
100
50
0
-3
-2
-1
EXPERIMENT NO. 3
TITLE:
1. VERIFY THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
2. GENERATE AN EXPONENTIALLY DISTRIBUTED
RANDOM NUMBER FROM UNIFORMLY
DISTRIBUTEDNUMBER.
3. GENERATE A RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTED RANDOM
NUMBER FROM GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTED NUMBERS.
Solution : 1)
clc;
n1=rand(1,10000);
n2=rand(1,10000);
n3=rand(1,10000);
n4=rand(1,10000);
n=(n1+n2+n3+n4)/4;
hist(n);
OUTPUT
2) clc;
len=100000;
lambda=3;
x=rand(1,len);
y=lambda.*exp(-lambda.*x);
bar(hist(y,100))
OUTPUT:
3) RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTION
clc;
len=20000;
sig=3;
var1=sig.*randn(1,len);
var2=sig.*randn(1,len);
t1=var1.^2;
t2=var2.^2;
y1=sqrt(t1+t2);
bar(hist(y1,100))
OUTPUT:
EXPERIMENT NO 4
AIM:
1)
Amplitude distortion (due to non ideal
amplitude spectrum of the channel).
2)
Phase distortion (due to non ideal phase
spectrum of the channel)
3)
Distortion caused by band limited channel
(ISI).
Answer 1) amplitude distortion
clc;
a=ones(1,10);
b=zeros(1,10);
c=[b,a,b];
subplot(4,1,1),plot(c),grid on,axis
equal,xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('original signal');
amp=abs(fft(c));
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(fftshift(amp)),grid on,axis equal,title('fourier transform');
r=rand(size(amp));
amp=amp.*r;
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(fftshift(amp)),grid on,axis equal,title('amplitude spectrum');
t=real(ifft(amp));
subplot(4,1,4),plot(ifftshift(t)),grid on,axis equal,title('distorted signal');
OUTPUT
2) PHASE DISTORTION
a=ones(1,8);
b=zeros(1,8);
c=[b,a,b,a];
subplot(1,3,1);
plot(c);
xlabel('original dignal');
amp=abs(fft(c));
p=phase(fft(c));
subplot(1,3,2);
plot(p);
title('phase spectrum of undistorted signal');
r=rand(size(p));
p=p.*r;
n1=amp.*sin(p);
n2=amp.*cos(p);
d=ifft(complex(n2,n1));
f=phase(d);
subplot(1,3,3);
plot(d);
xlabel('distorted signal');
OUTPUT
3) Distortion caused by band limited channel (ISI)
clc;
a=zeros(1,10);
b=ones(1,10);
x=[a b a b a b a b a];
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(x);
title('original signal');
y=fft(x,1024);
temp=fftshift(y);
temp(1:400)=0;
temp(600:1000)=0;
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(abs(temp));
title('spectrum of undistorted signal');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(abs(ifft(temp))),axis([0 60 0 1.5]),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude');
title('distorted signal');
OUTPUT
EXPERIMENT-5
AIM: TO VERIFY
1) Convolution property
2) Time shifting property
3) Frequency shifting property
OF FOURIER TRANSFORM
Answer: 1)
clc;
t=0:1:100;
x=[t>=10&t<=20];
subplot(2,2,1),plot(x),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('PULSE 1')
y=[t>=10&t<=25];
subplot(2,2,2),plot(y),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('PULSE 2')
s=abs(ifft(fft(x).*fft(y)));
subplot(2,2,3),plot(s),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('BY
MULTIPLICATION')
z=conv(x,y);
subplot(2,2,4),plot(z),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('CONVOLUTION')
;
OUTPUT
2)
clc;
a=ones(1,128)
b=zeros(1,128)
pulse=[b a b a b];
subplot(2,1,1),plot(pulse),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amp'),title('PULSE');
fftpulse=fftshift(fft(pulse,256));
for n=1:1:256
c(n)=fftpulse(n).*exp((128*j*2*pi*n)/256);
end
d=abs(ifft(c));
subplot(2,1,2),plot(d),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amp'),title('TIME SHIFTING');
OUTPUT
3)
clc;
a=ones(1,90)
b=zeros(1,90)
pulse=[b a b];
subplot(2,2,1),plot(pulse),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('PULSE');
fftpulse=fftshift(fft(pulse,256));
subplot(2,2,2),plot(abs(fftpulse)),xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('amplitude'),title
('FOURIER TRANSFORM')
for n=1:1:128
c(n)=pulse(n).*exp((90*j*2*pi*n)/256);
end
d=(fftshift(fft(c,256)))
subplot(2,2,3),plot(abs(d)),xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('SPEC
TRUM');
OUTPUT
