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Organizing The Elements

The document discusses how Dmitri Mendeleev discovered the periodic table by organizing the known chemical elements according to their atomic mass and properties. He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass and noticed that their properties repeated periodically. This allowed him to predict properties of unknown elements and leave gaps for their discovery. The modern periodic table is organized by atomic number instead of mass and provides information about each element's atomic number, symbol, name, and mass. It arranges elements into periods and groups that have similar characteristics.

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70 views15 pages

Organizing The Elements

The document discusses how Dmitri Mendeleev discovered the periodic table by organizing the known chemical elements according to their atomic mass and properties. He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass and noticed that their properties repeated periodically. This allowed him to predict properties of unknown elements and leave gaps for their discovery. The modern periodic table is organized by atomic number instead of mass and provides information about each element's atomic number, symbol, name, and mass. It arranges elements into periods and groups that have similar characteristics.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Organizing the

Elements
Miss W

Objectives
I will explain how Mendeleev discovered
the pattern that led to the periodic table,
tell what information about elements found
in the periodic table and explain how
elements are created in stars.

How is a calendar
organized?

Introduction
The calendar arranges the days of the
month into horizontal periods called
weeks and vertical groups called days of
the week.
The chemical elements can also be
organized into something like a calendar
which is called the periodic table.

Patterns in the Elements


Dmitri Mendeleev
Russian Scientist
Discovered a set of patterns that applied to all of the
elements
Observed all of the properties of the elements
Melting point, density, color, atomic mass, and chemical bonds

Atomic mass
Average mass of all isotopes of an element
Sum of protons and neutrons

A pattern of properties appeared when he arranged the


elements in order of increasing atomic mass.

Mendeleevs Periodic Table


Noticed that elements properties repeated.
Grouped elements together that had similar
properties.
Left blank spaces for elements that were
unknown yet.

Predicting New Elements


Arranged the atoms by similar properties,
not masses.
Predicted the properties of the unknown
elements and was relatively close to the
elements correct properties.
Published the first periodic table in 1869.

The Modern Periodic Table


Changed a little since Mendeleevs time due to
new elements being discovered
Properties of elements repeat in each row
Periodic
A regular, repeating pattern

The Modern Periodic Table


Henry Moseley
British Scientist
Found a way to measure and atoms atomic number
The atomic number is the number of protons in an element
Table was changed to order elements by increasing atomic number

Organization of the Periodic Table

An elements properties can be


predicted from its location on the
periodic table

Periods
Horizontal rows = periods
7 horizontal rows.
From left to right, properties change in a pattern.
Elements in a period do not share properties.

Groups
18 vertical columns.
Each column is called a family and contain
elements with similar characteristics

26
Fe
Iron
55.847

Atomic Number
Chemical Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass

Reading an Elements Square

Reading an Elements Square


Chemical symbol
1. 1 or 2 letters that represent an element.
2. 1st letter is always capitalized and 2nd must be lower case.
3. Symbols are based on English or Latin name.

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