DVB
Philip Laven
[email protected]
John Bigeni
[email protected]
SADC Working Forum Technical Standards on Digital Broadcasting Maseru, Lesotho 26-28 April 2010
QUALITY OR QUANTITY?
Digital TV allows broadcasters to offer: High Definition TV (HDTV) OR many more Standard Definition TV services Broadcasters in Japan, USA and Australia have opted for HDTV Most European broadcasters initially decided to increase the number of SDTV services, but some now offer HDTV services What will African broadcasters do?
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DIGITAL SWITCHOVER(S)
MPEG-2 HDTV
Analogue SDTV
MPEG-2 SDTV
MPEG-4 HDTV
MPEG-4 SDTV DVB-T DVB-T2
TRANSMISSION COSTS
One 7 MHz or 8 MHz TV channel can support: one analogue SDTV service 6 or more digital SDTV services This implies that the cost per TV service drops by a factor of 6 or more As digital TV also requires lower power transmitters than for analogue TV, transmission costs for digital TV become even cheaper Great news for broadcasters . . . . .
TRANSMISSION COSTS
Digital
Cost per year
Analogue Analogue Digital
Analogue-only Simulcast Digital-only
The launch of digital transmission INCREASES costs because you must pay for analogue and digital transmission during the simulcast period The financial benefits of digital transmission will not be achieved until analogue TV is switched off A SHORT period of simulcasting is essential
ANALOGUE SWITCH-OFF
The successful transition to DVB has allowed countries to switch off their analogue TV services 2006 Luxembourg, Netherlands 95% cable TV 2007 Finland, Sweden, Switzerland 2008 Germany 2009 Denmark, Norway 2010 Belgium, Spain 90% terrestrial TV 2011 France 2012 Italy, UK Almost EU countries plan to switch off analogue TV by the end of 2012
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INTRODUCTION TO DVB
DVB started in Europe but 100 of its 250 Members are from non-European companies the first commercial application of a DVB standard was in South Africa (Multichoice) DVBs members are drawn from: Broadcasters Network operators Manufacturers Regulators There are more than 100 DVB standards
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SOME OF DVBs MANY STANDARDS
Transmission Interfaces Interactivity Other
Conditional access
DVBs TRANSMISSION STANDARDS
DVB services are on the air in every continent Satellite (DVB-S and DVB-S2) Cable (DVB-C and soon DVB-C2) Terrestrial (DVB-T and DVB-T2) DVB-S or DVB-S2 is used by about 99% of the worlds digital satellite TV services DVB-C is used by most of the worlds digital cable TV services DVB-T has been adopted by more than 120 countries
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SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY
SDTV multiplex
All countries
HDTV, SDTV, data, interactivity, mobile & hand-held have all been IMPLEMENTED
HDTV
Australia (7 MHz) New Zealand Singapore Hungary France Taiwan (6 MHz) Singapore Taiwan (6 MHz) Germany Italy (HH)
Mobile
Interactive services
Many countries
DVB-T
35 30 25
Data rate in 8 MHz 20 channel 15 (Mbit/s)
64-QAM
1/4 Guard interval
10 5 0 0 5
QPSK
16-QAM
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
11
Derived from Table A1 of ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1
DVB-T
35 30
1/8
25
Data rate in 8 MHz 20 channel 15 (Mbit/s)
64-QAM
1/4 Guard interval
10 5 0 0 5
QPSK
16-QAM
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
12
Derived from Table A1 of ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1
DVB-T
35 30 25
Data rate in 8 MHz 20 channel 15 (Mbit/s)
64-QAM
1/16 1/8 1/4 Guard interval
10 5 0 0 5
QPSK
16-QAM
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
13
Derived from Table A1 of ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1
DVB-T
35 30 25
Data rate in 8 MHz 20 channel 15 (Mbit/s)
64-QAM
1/32
31.7 Mbit/s
1/16 1/8 1/4 Guard interval
10 5 0 0
5 Mbit/s
QPSK
16-QAM
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
14
Derived from Table A1 of ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1
DVB-T
35 30 25
Data rate in 8 MHz 20 channel 15 (Mbit/s)
64-QAM
Shannon limit 1/32 1/16 1/8 1/4 Guard interval Higher data rate Lower transmitter power
10 5 0 0 5
QPSK
16-QAM
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
15
Derived from Table A1 of ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1
INTERACTIVITY
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INTERACTIVITY
DVB-GEM (Globally Executable MHP) is the core of numerous interactive TV systems DVB-GEM OCAP ACAP
MHP = DVB Multimedia Home Platform OCAP = OpenCable Application Platform (Cable Labs, USA) now called Tru2Way ACAP = Advanced Common Application Platform (ATSC, USA) ARIB B.23 = Application Execution Engine Platform for Digital Broadcasting (Japan) Ginga-J = Middleware for SBTVD (Brazil) BD-J = Blu-ray Disc Java
ARIB B.23 Ginga-J GEM-IPTV BD-J
RETURN CHANNELS
DVB has specified a wide range of return channels for use with interactive applications Cable Terrestrial Satellite PSTN/ISDN GSM GPRS DECT LMDS
DVB-MHP: T-GOVERNMENT IN ITALY
Taxation office
Duplicate tax code Road tax payment
DVB-MHP: T-GOVERNMENT IN ITALY
Post office e-banking
DVB-MHP: T-GOVERNMENT IN ITALY
Job vacancies
MYTHS ABOUT DVB
Presentations about ISDB-T regrettably include inaccurate or misleading statements about DVB-T Here are just a few examples
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ISDB-T has NOT been defined or implemented in 7 MHz or 8 MHz channels
DVB-T has been defined and implemented in 6, 7 & 8 MHz channels Mobile HDTV has been demonstrated on DVB-T many times
X X X
DVB-H & DVB-T can co-exist in one transmission DVB has an Emergency Warning System (EWS)
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X
WRONG: DVB-H & DVB-T services can co-exist in a single multiplex
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A MISUNDERSTANDING?
Brazil's Communications Minister Helio Costa: What happens is that the European system which was proposed to Uruguay has been totally outdated, it is ancient. An example of this is that the video compressor used in European and American systems is not made any more. It is so old that Germany, which is one of the leading producers of inputs of DVB, considered switching to Japanese.
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THE TRUTH . . . . .
All DVB standards permit broadcasters and network operators to select any combination of SDTV/HDTV and video compression systems Examples of DVB-T implementations: SDTV using MPEG-2 (e.g. UK) HDTV using MPEG-2 (e.g. Australia) SDTV using MPEG-4 AVC (e.g. Slovenia) HDTV using MPEG-4 AVC (e.g. Norway)
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FIXED & MOBILE SERVICES
Can DVB deliver fixed services (HDTV / SDTV) in the same channel as hand-held services?
YES, DVB-T CAN
How? Hierarchical modulation DVB-H services give superior performance due to the use of MPE-FEC DVB-H typically delivers 5 Mbit/s, thus supplying 20 or mobile TV SERVICEs ISDB-T one-segment delivers only 0.4 Mbit/s
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HIERARCHICAL MODULATION 1
HDTV + SDTV Mobile + hand-held services in an 8MHz Channel
HDTV ( fixed reception LP input HDTV +MHP
SDTV (Mobile )
DVB MUX
DVB-T Hierarchical Modulator
HP input
DVB-T Terrestrial Broadcast Channel Mobile
IP
DVB-H IP
encapsulator
HP = QPSK 1/2 = 5.85 Mbps = SDTV + LDTV + SI/PSI LP = 16QAM 2/3 = 17.56 Mbps = HDTV + MHP + SI/PSI
Handheld
HIERARCHICAL MODULATION 2
Multiple SDTV + multiple hand-held services in an 8MHz Channel
Multi-SDTV (fixed reception)
LP inputs Terrestrial Broadcast Channel
DVB-T Multi-programme SDTV + MHP
DVB-T Hierarchical Modulator
IP
DVB-H IP encapsulator
HP input
Mobile Handheld
HP = QPSK 1/2 = 5.85 Mbps = SDTV + LDTV + SI/PSI LP = 16QAM 2/3 = 17.56 Mbps = HDTV + MHP + SI/PSI
COMPARISONS ON GAUSSIAN BASIS
NORMALIZED FOR 8 MHz CHANNELS
ATSC DVB-T DVB-T Hierarchical 64QAM a=1HP QPSK Carriers FEC GI Interleaver C/N [dB] Payload (Mbit/s) 1 2/3 15.2 25.85 8k 3/4 1/16 17.7 26.34 6.8 5.87 1/2 1/16 19 17.8 64QAM a=1LP 16QAM 8k 3/4 ISDB 64 QAM 8k 3/4 1/16 0.2s 18.6 25.7 0.4s 3.2 0.4 1/2 1/16 0.2s 18.6 23.7 ISDB with handheld QPSK 64QAM
Modulation
8 VSB
64 QAM
8k 3/4
Mackenzie
2.64 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
COMPARISONS ON RAYLEIGH BASIS
NORMALIZED FOR 8 MHz CHANNELS
DVB-T hierarchical 64-QAM a=1HP QPSK Carriers FEC GI Interleaver C/N [dB] Payload(Mbps) 1/2 1/16 See below 5.87 *19.1 17.6 0.4s 13 0.4 8k 3/4 1/2 1/16 0.2s *19.2 23.7 64-QAM a=1LP 16-QAM 8k 3/4 ISDB with hand-held QPSK 64-QAM
Modulation
DVB-H has advantage of MPE-FEC gain of 6.5 dB
SDTV service C/N = 11.4 dB
DVB-H hand-held C/N = 4.9 dB
ISDB hand-held C/N = 13 dB
* The Fixed services segments are not on Rayleigh but Ricean models
HAND-HELD v ROOF-TOP RECEPTION
+
10 m
Antennas oriented towards transmitter
Indicative losses due to height difference
-17 dB
Indicative losses due to indoor penetration
-14 dB
1.5 m
Transmitter
Outdoor
Indicative losses due to in-car penetration
1.5 m
Indoor
-6 dB
Incar
RELATIVE COVERAGE
DVB-T
ISDB-T 64-QAM
DVB-H
ISDB-T QPSK
RECEIVERS
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RECEIVER COSTS
Expenditure on receivers far exceeds expenditure on transmitter networks Receiver cost is the MOST important criterion particularly for developing countries Receivers must be AFFORDABLE otherwise, digital transition will fail Low cost receivers means higher early penetration and rapid transition Prices for DVB-T (MPEG-2 SDTV) set-top boxes are now approaching US $10 (FOB) $20 retail
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DVB-T (SDTV MPEG-2)
Shenzhen Zhouxun Electronics Co. Ltd
PVR recording function
Auto 6/7/8MHz
Mini SCART digital terrestrial receiver Model DVB-T1801
SCART output connected to the TV directly PVR recording function via USB 2.0 port Recorded file playback and multimedia player via USB port Fully DVB-T/SD MPEG-2 compliant Supports 7-day EPG, subtitle and teletext Supports 256 colours, multiple languages, OSD Auto 6/7/8MHz bandwidth switch Frequency bands: VHF: 147 429.9 MHz UHF: 430 858 MHz SCART socket can rotate 90 Plug-and-play installation, with easy to use menu system 3000 channels TV and Radio programmable 8 different favourite groups selection 5 event timers: Off/Once/Daily/Weekly/ Monthly Mode Software upgrades via USB 2.0 Input voltage: DC 24V, 2.5W
Quantity price < US $13
Sample MOQ QTY <100 pcs 5000pcs >5K~20K pcs >20K~50K pcs >50k pcs Unit Price Unit Price Unit Price Unit Price Unit Price $20.00 $13.50 $13.20 $13.00 Negotiable
www.skvcd.com
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DVB-T (SDTV MPEG-2)
Model TAI-006A & TAI-006B
DVB-T receiver for digital terrestrial TV Dual SCART output connected to the TV directly (option: single SCART or RCA output ). IR receiver PAL/NTSC, MPEG 2 DVB compatible 4:3 and 16:9 format Receives all digital terrestrial TV programs Multilanguage OSD PAL/NTSC Teletext decode 999 programs EPG automatic and manual channel search Quality display for signal power Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Supports VHF and UHF Channel bandwidth: 6/7/8MHz TAI-006A with USB Socket and panel key TAI-006B without USB Socket and panel key
Price < US $11.20 per set
10,000 500,000 US $11.20 Negotiable
http://www.tai.asia/Product.asp?MID=70&NID=354
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ISDB-T STB PRICES IN JAPAN
Dynaconnective [DY-STB260]
DY-STB260 ISDB-T Digital TV Tuner
Smallest size Industrys smallest and thinnest, eco-design, lightweight body Pass-through method for frequency conversion CATV system supports the passthrough in such frequency conversion Easy connection EPG (Electronic Program Guide)
Price: 4,780 Yen = US $51.50
http://item.rakuten.co.jp/shopworld/10043340/
ISDTV-T STB PRICES IN BRAZIL
Brazil ISDTV-T standard
Toshiba DC2008H SEMP
Semp Toshiba ISDTV-T Digital Converter Model: DC2008H SEMP
Reception of digital HDTV (MPEG-4 and MPEG-2) Capable of receiving TV programs with standard definition or high definition for terrestrial transmission
Price: R$349 = US $200
http://www.magazineluiza.com.br/produto/index_ Produto.asp?Produto=2019132&linha=ET&Setor=SETP&modelo=00
April 2010
ISDTV-T STB PRICES IN BRAZIL
Brazil ISDTV-T standard
CHD10 Converter for Digital HDTV
Compatible with other standard definition TV from analogue which have AV input Automatic channel installation, resolution up to 1080i File management, multi-function remote control, USB connection to listen to music and MP3 and open JPEG photos EPG: information about TV shows from the available networks
Cromus CHD10
Price: R$399 = US $227
http://www.magazineluiza.com.br/produto/index_Produto.asp? Produto=1919029&linha=ET&Setor=CDAD&modelo=00 April
2010
PRICE COMPARISONS
DVB-T
Very competitive market with many chipset makers & STB manufacturers Huge demand because of analogue switch-off in Europe ASO (mainly 7 & 8 MHz) Reputable suppliers with long record of supply Price quotations: $10 - $11 FOB Retail price: approx $20 Economies of scale growing due to ASEAN, Europe, etc
ISDB-T
Limited competition Few chipset makers (NEC, Toshiba) Only market for MPEG-2 boxes is Japan saturated market with high disposable incomes ISDB-T receivers mostly integrated receivers, not STB ISDB-T markets are only 6 MHz Cheapest ISDB STB prices: Brazil : US $200+ Japan: US $51.50
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DVB-T2
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DVB-T2: KEY FEATURES
LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) error correcting codes (30% improvement over R-S coding) 256QAM, Increased FFT range & guard interval Extended Bandwidth Rotated Constellations OFDM Equalisation (overhead reduction 8%) Differentiated Protection (PLP) Interleaving (Bit, Time, & Frequency) Transmit diversity (Alamouti coding 30% SFN) Peak / Average power reduction (PAPR - 20%)
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COFDM SPECTRUM
-30 dB @ 4 MHz
-42 dB @ 4 MHz
44
COFDM SPECTRUM
4.2% increase in usable bandwidth
-30 dB @ 4 MHz -40 dB @ 4 MHz
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COFDM CONSTELLATIONS
DVB-T COFDM: modulation of individual carriers QPSK, 16-QAM or 64-QAM DVB-T2 COFDM: modulation of individual carriers QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM or 256-QAM rotated constellation technique can improve performance in selective channels by up to 7 dB
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DVB-T
60 50
Data rate in 8 MHz channel 30 (Mbit/s) 20
Higher data rate Lower transmitter power
Shannon limit
40
DVB-T
64-QAM
10 0 0
QPSK
16-QAM
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
47
DVB-T data from Table A1 of ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1.
DVB-T & DVB-T2
60 50
Data rate in 8 MHz channel 30 (Mbit/s) 20
Higher data rate Lower transmitter power
Shannon limit
DVB-T2
40
256-QAM DVB-T
64-QAM
10 0 0
QPSK
16-QAM
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
48
DVB-T data from Table A1 of ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1. DVB-T2 data from Table 44 of DVB Blue Book A133.
DVB-T, DVB-T2 and ISDB-T (6 MHz)
60 50
Data rate in 8 MHz channel 30 (Mbit/s) 20
Higher data rate Lower transmitter power
Shannon limit
DVB-T2
40
DVB-T ISDB-T 6 MHz 64-QAM 16-QAM QPSK
10 0 0 5
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
49
ISDB-T data from Table 3-4 and Table A3.3-2 of ARIB STD-B31 Version 1.6
DVB-T, DVB-T2 and ISDB-T (8 MHz)
60 50
Data rate in 8 MHz channel 30 (Mbit/s) 20
Higher data rate Lower transmitter power
Shannon limit
DVB-T2
40
DVB-T ISDB-T 8 MHz 64-QAM 16-QAM QPSK
10 0 0 5
10 15 C/N ratio (dB)
(Gaussian channel)
20
25
50
DVB-T v. DVB-T2: PORTABLE
DVB-T 8 16-QAM 8k 1/4 2/3 CC + RS 11.4 13.3 +50%
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Channel bandwidth (MHz) Modulation FFT size Guard interval FEC C/N ratio (dB) Useful bit rate (Mbit/s)
DVB-T2 8 256-QAM 16k 1/8 5/6 LPDC + BCH 11.4 19.9
DVB-T v. DVB-T2: : ROOF-TOP AERIAL
DVB-T 8 64-QAM 2k 1/32 2/3 CC + RS 16.5 24.1 +50%
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Channel bandwidth (MHz) Modulation FFT size Guard interval FEC C/N ratio (dB) Useful bit rate (Mbit/s)
DVB-T2 8 256-QAM 32k 1/128 3/5 LPDC + BCH 17.2 36.1
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Compared with DVB-T (or ISDB-T) DVB-T2 can give up to 50% increase in payload capacity at the same C/N ratio OR DVB-T2 can deliver the same payload with 5 dB weaker signals Strong interest in DVB-T2 on-air in the UK many other countries actively considering DVB-T2 (e.g. Finland, Germany and Italy)
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DVB-T2 IN THE UK
DVB-T2 services (MPEG-4 AVC) now on-air in UK 4 or 5 HDTV services in an 8 MHz channel 3 or 4 DVB-T2 STBs on the market 40+ models of DVB-T2 TV sets on sale hottest items in UK consumer electronics!
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SUMMARY
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DVB-T SATISFIES ALL CRITICAL ISSUES SOCIO-ECONOMIC TECHNICAL
Flexibility Wide accessibility All social classes Spectrum efficiency Reduction of social divisions Power through digital inclusion SFN (High Education implementation) Health Mobility Government , etc. Multipath performance Robustness Interoperability Receiver considerations user perspective Cost of receivers broadcaster perspective Affordability of receivers Maturity & international Availability acceptance 56
WHY IS DVB SUCCESSFUL?
DVB is a not-for-profit organisation developing open standards (all freely available from ETSI) DVB is based on open markets hundreds of suppliers serving mass markets around the world (not just Europe) intense competition ensures lowest prices for consumer equipment for professional equipment (transmitters, modulators, multiplexers, etc.)
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FLEXIBILITY OF DVB-T
DVB offers flexibility and freedom of choice for broadcasters and network operators All DVB standards permit choice of video compression systems, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4 AVC or VC-1 SDTV or HDTV standards DVBs success allows broadcasters and network operators to benefit from the economies of scale due to mass markets around the world
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DVB-T & ISDB-T
The basic technologies used in ISDB-T and DVB-T are almost identical In an 8 MHz channel, DVB-T gives better performance than ISDB-T because ISDB-T has been designed for 6MHz channels The ISDB-T service to roof-top antennas can use only 12/13 of the available capacity (the other 1/13 is used for mobile TV)
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CONCLUSIONS
DVB offers a choice of terrestrial TV standards DVB-T is the worlds most successful digital terrestrial TV standard offering good performance at affordable prices DVB-T2 is the worlds most technically advanced digital terrestrial TV standard (the Shannon limit is DVBs competition not other standards)
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CONCLUSIONS
African countries need to make important decisions about the future of broadcasting in their countries These will NOT be easy decisions if affordability is the main criterion, DVB-T is the obvious solution if technical performance is the main criterion, DVB-T2 is the obvious solution
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