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Bandpass Sampling Techniques Explained

Bandpass sampling is a technique that allows sampling of radio frequency (RF) signals at a lower rate than their bandwidth would normally require. It works by downshifting the RF signal so that its spectrum is replicated and interleaved, allowing it to be sampled at the Nyquist rate of its bandwidth rather than its center frequency. The key requirements for aliasing-free bandpass sampling are that the sampling frequency Fs must be high enough to capture the replicated spectra and the number of replications k must be an integer. Bandpass sampling reduces the hardware complexity compared to directly sampling RF signals at their Nyquist rate.

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176 views12 pages

Bandpass Sampling Techniques Explained

Bandpass sampling is a technique that allows sampling of radio frequency (RF) signals at a lower rate than their bandwidth would normally require. It works by downshifting the RF signal so that its spectrum is replicated and interleaved, allowing it to be sampled at the Nyquist rate of its bandwidth rather than its center frequency. The key requirements for aliasing-free bandpass sampling are that the sampling frequency Fs must be high enough to capture the replicated spectra and the number of replications k must be an integer. Bandpass sampling reduces the hardware complexity compared to directly sampling RF signals at their Nyquist rate.

Uploaded by

santosh1122
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Bandpass Sampling

Proakis & Manolakis 6.4

1/12

BP-Sampling of RF Signals: Basic Idea


Let fH = 3B (This Example Only)

X( f )
B = fH f L fL fH f

Need Fs = 2B

X( fFs )
f

X( f2Fs )
f

X( f3Fs )
f

Xs( f )

Fs/2 Fs/2

BP Sampled Signal is a Down-Shifted Version 2/12 of the RF signal!!

BP-Sampling: Simple Case (fH = kB, k integer)


Consider the case where fH = kB (k an Odd Integer)
X( f )
B B B B -fH -fL B fL fH f

k=5 for this case

Whenever f2 = LB, we can choose Fs = 2B to perfectly interweave the shifted spectral replicas
Xs( f )

-Fs/2 Fs/2
fL fH

k is Odd Here

3/12

BP-Sampling: Simple Case (Cont.)


Consider the case where fH = LB (k an Even Integer)
X( f )
B B B B B B fL fH f

k=6 for this case

Whenever fH = LB, we can choose Fs = 2B to perfectly interweave the shifted spectral replicas
Xs( f )

-Fs/2 Fs/2

k is Even Here

Note: If k is EVEN the spectrum in the 0 to Fs/2 range is flipped. This is not usually a problem since the next step after BP sampling is usually to create the lowpass equivalent signal, which can be done in a way that gives either spectral orientation. 4/12

BP-Sampling: General Case ( fHkB)

2 f H kFs ( k 1) Fs 2 f L

2 fH 2 fL Fs 5/12 k k 1

To find the required value of k re-write as:

2 f H kFs ( k 1) Fs 2 f L

1 k Fs 2 f H
( k 1) Fs 2( f H B )

Now solving these for k gives:

fH k B

k max

fH B

6/12

Resulting conditions needed for aliasing-free BP Sampling: 2 fH 2( f H B ) fH Fs and k k k 1 B

7/12

Using Plot to Visualize Allowed Fs Given fH and B draw vertical line at fH/B

Dangerous place to operate!!!

8/12

Using Guard Band Idea to Ease Sensitivity to Change


f L = f L BL f H = f L + BH B = B + ( BL + BH )

Operating Point must allow this range to fit

Resulting Tolerance Range for Fs

9/12

Advantage of BP Sampling
A BP-Sampling ADC works like a Mixer and a Baseband-sampling ADC

x(t)

Bandpass Sampling ADC

BP Sampling Reduces the Parts Count

x(t)
LPF

Baseband Sampling ADC

cos(2fct)

10/12

ADC Specs: Sample Rate & ADC BW


Sampling Rate Fastest Rate at which the ADC can be run Determines the Widest Signal Bandwidth that ADC can handle ADC Bandwidth Highest Frequency that ADCs internal electronics can pass Determines Frequency Band ADC can handle (e.g. HF, UHF, VHF, etc.) Crucial for Undersampling Applications

Baseband Sampling
Low ADC BW Low ADC Fs
f

Bandpass Sampling
High ADC BW Low ADC Fs
f

Narrow Band Wide Band


11/12

Low ADC BW High ADC Fs


f

High ADC BW High ADC Fs


f

www.harris.com

ADCs Fs ADCs BW

12/12

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