QRS Complex Detection and ECG Signal Processing
% QRS Detection Example
% shows the effect of each filter according to Pan-Tompkins
algorithm.
% Note that, the decision
algorithm is different then the mentioned
algorithm.
% by Faruk UYSAL
clear all
close all
x1 = load('ecg3.dat'); % load the ECG signal from the file
fs = 200;
% Sampling rate
N = length (x1);
% Signal length
t = [0:N-1]/fs;
% time index
figure(1)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,x1)
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title('Input ECG Signal')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t(200:600),x1(200:600))
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title('Input ECG Signal 1-3 second')
xlim([1 3])
CANCELLATION DC DRIFT AND NORMALIZATION
x1 = x1 - mean (x1 );
% cancel DC conponents
x1 = x1/ max( abs(x1 )); % normalize to one
figure(2)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,x1)
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal after
cancellation DC drift and normalization')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t(200:600),x1(200:600))
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal 1-3 second')
xlim([1 3])
LOW PASS FILTERING
% LPF (1-z^-6)^2/(1-z^-1)^2
b=[1 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 1];
a=[1 -2 1];
h_LP=filter(b,a,[1 zeros(1,12)]); % transfer function of LPF
x2 = conv (x1 ,h_LP);
%x2 = x2 (6+[1: N]); %cancle delay
x2 = x2/ max( abs(x2 )); % normalize , for convenience .
figure(3)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot([0:length(x2)-1]/fs,x2)
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal after LPF')
xlim([0 max(t)])
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t(200:600),x2(200:600))
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal 1-3 second')
xlim([1 3])
HIGH PASS FILTERING
% HPF = Allpass-(Lowpass) = z^-16-[(1-z^-32)/(1-z^-1)]
b = [-1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 -32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1];
a = [1 -1];
h_HP=filter(b,a,[1 zeros(1,32)]); % impulse response iof HPF
x3 = conv (x2 ,h_HP);
%x3 = x3 (16+[1: N]); %cancle delay
x3 = x3/ max( abs(x3 ));
figure(4)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot([0:length(x3)-1]/fs,x3)
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal after HPF')
xlim([0 max(t)])
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t(200:600),x3(200:600))
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal 1-3 second')
xlim([1 3])
DERIVATIVE FILTER
% Make impulse response
h = [-1 -2 0 2 1]/8;
% Apply filter
x4 = conv (x3 ,h);
x4 = x4 (2+[1: N]);
x4 = x4/ max( abs(x4 ));
figure(5)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot([0:length(x4)-1]/fs,x4)
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal after
Derivative')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t(200:600),x4(200:600))
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal 1-3 second')
xlim([1 3])
SQUARING
x5 = x4 .^2;
x5 = x5/ max( abs(x5 ));
figure(6)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot([0:length(x5)-1]/fs,x5)
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal Squarting')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t(200:600),x5(200:600))
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal 1-3 second')
xlim([1 3])
MOVING WINDOW INTEGRATION
% Make impulse response
h = ones (1 ,31)/31;
Delay = 15; % Delay in samples
% Apply filter
x6 = conv (x5 ,h);
x6 = x6 (15+[1: N]);
x6 = x6/ max( abs(x6 ));
figure(7)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot([0:length(x6)-1]/fs,x6)
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal after Averaging')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t(200:600),x6(200:600))
xlabel('second');ylabel('Volts');title(' ECG Signal 1-3 second')
xlim([1 3])
FIND QRS POINTS WHICH IT IS DIFFERENT THAN PANTOMPKINS ALGORITHM
figure(7)
subplot(2,1,1)
max_h = max(x6);
thresh = mean (x6 );
poss_reg =(x6>thresh*max_h)';
figure (8)
subplot(2,1,1)
hold on
plot (t(200:600),x1(200:600)/max(x1))
box on
xlabel('second');ylabel('Integrated')
xlim([1 3])
subplot(2,1,2)
plot (t(200:600),x6(200:600)/max(x6))
xlabel('second');ylabel('Integrated')
xlim([1 3])
left = find(diff([0 poss_reg])==1);
right = find(diff([poss_reg 0])==-1);
left=left-(6+16);
% cancle delay because of LP and HP
right=right-(6+16);% cancle delay because of LP and HP
for i=1:length(left)
[R_value(i) R_loc(i)] = max( x1(left(i):right(i)) );
R_loc(i) = R_loc(i)-1+left(i); % add offset
[Q_value(i) Q_loc(i)] = min( x1(left(i):R_loc(i)) );
Q_loc(i) = Q_loc(i)-1+left(i); % add offset
[S_value(i) S_loc(i)] = min( x1(left(i):right(i)) );
S_loc(i) = S_loc(i)-1+left(i); % add offset
end
% there is no selective wave
Q_loc=Q_loc(find(Q_loc~=0));
R_loc=R_loc(find(R_loc~=0));
S_loc=S_loc(find(S_loc~=0));
figure
subplot(2,1,1)
title('ECG Signal with R points');
plot (t,x1/max(x1) , t(R_loc) ,R_value , 'r^', t(S_loc) ,S_value,
'*',t(Q_loc) , Q_value, 'o');
legend('ECG','R','S','Q');
subplot(2,1,2)
plot (t,x1/max(x1) , t(R_loc) ,R_value , 'r^', t(S_loc) ,S_value,
'*',t(Q_loc) , Q_value, 'o');
xlim([1 3])
