Introductionto ObjectOrientedDesign
DumitruRadoiu Dumitru Radoiu
Spring2009
PETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY
Agenda
TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD) The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) TheUseofClassesinOOD TheuseofInheritanceinOOD TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy
Software development activities Customer
time
Analysis
Design
Implementation
= attempt to understand
= model the behavior
= implement the model
Exclusions
Deliverables Needs Requirements
Baseline Implementation
Specifications
Procedural approach = multiple procedures modify global data
time
Analysis
Design
Implementation
= attempt to understand
= model the behavior
= implement the model
Edit Data
Load Data
Deliverables Needs Requirements
Print Data Pi tD t
Save Data
View Data
Everythingisexposed; Everything is exposed; updatingbusinessrulesdoes notupdatetheentire application.
Object-Oriented approach: objects talk to other objects to complete a task
time
Analysis
Design
Implementation
= attempt to understand
= model the behavior
= implement the model
Deliverables Needs Requirements Data Functionality Functionalitiesare Functionalities are encapsulated;onlysomeare exposed(Interfaces)
Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)
time
OO Analysis
Design
Implementation
= what abstract entities/objects are required to future system?
= model the behavior
= implement the model
Deliverables Needs Requirements Data Functionality Functionalitiesare Functionalities are encapsulated;onlysomeare exposed(Interfaces)
Object
Object-Oriented Design (OOD)
time
OO Analysis
OO Design
Implementation
= what abstract entities/objects are required to future system?
= model the behavior for the system to exist
= implement the model
Deliverables Needs Requirements Data Functionality
Object
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
time
OO Analysis
OO Design
OO Programming
= what abstract entities/objects are required to future system?
= model the behavior for the system to exist
= implement the model in an Object Oriented Language (OOL)
Deliverables Needs Requirements Data Functionality
Object-Oriented World
time
OO Analysis
OO Design
OO Programming
Create the vocabulary
Requirements
Give vocabulary ocabu a y behavior (model the system)
Program the model ode
Deliverables
Object-Oriented Design
time
OO Analysis
OO Design
OO Programming
Create the vocabulary
Requirements
Give vocabulary ocabu a y behavior (model the system)
Program the model ode
Deliverables
Principles: 1. Classes (abstraction and encapsulation) 2. Inheritance 3. Polymorphism
Agenda
TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD) The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) TheUseofClassesinOOD TheuseofInheritanceinOOD TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy
What makes a class: abstraction (= create a general term for an item)
transportation
plane
ship
automobile
truck
car
SUV
A____isatypeof____.
What makes a class: encapsulation ( = stuff the item with data and functionality)
name data
functionality
black box
name data input functionality output
Interface=restrictedaccesstofunctionality=lower maintenance&problemprevention
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
time
OO Analysis
OO Design
OO Programming
= what abstract entities/objects are required to future system?
= model the behavior for the system to exist
= implement the model in an Object Oriented Language (OOL)
Deliverables Needs Requirements Data Functionality
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
time
OO Analysis
OO Design
OO Programming
= what abstract entities/objects are required to future system?
= model the behavior for the system to exist Display Di l -Data
= implement the model in an Object Oriented Language (OOL)
Needs
Requirements
Data -Data +Save() +Load() Load()
+Print() +View() Menu -Data +Create() +Edit()
Deliverables
Agenda
TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD) The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) TheUseofClassesinOOD TheuseofInheritanceinOOD TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy
The use of Inheritance in OOD
transportation
plane
ship
automobile
truck
car
SUV
The use of Inheritance in OOD
Superclass
Subclass A
Subclass B
Subclass C
Subclass C1
Subclass C2
Subclass C3
The use of Inheritance in OOD
automobile - Nr OfWheels Nr.OfWheels +Drive() +Reverse() +Park() Park()
truck -Nr.OfGears - Nr.OfTanks + Tow() +Load() +Unload()
car -TrunkSize -SafetyWindows
SUV -4WD -BullBar + Trolley()
Multiple Inheritance
Vehicle -FuelType - SeatingCapacity +Drive() +Reverse() +Park() +Start() +Stop() Weapon -ArtileryCapacity - ArtileryType +Load() +Fire() +Aim()
Tank -Model
+ Ram() +Radio()
Agenda
TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD) The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) TheUseofClassesinOOD TheuseofInheritanceinOOD TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy
The use of Polymorphism in OOD
Animal -Nr.OfEyes - Nr.OfLegs + Eat() +Sleep()
Lion
Bird
+ Run() +Sleep()
+ Fly() +Sleep()
Polymorphism=classeswiththesameinterfaceoperateontheirdatadifferently
Agenda
TheCharacteristicsofObjectOrientedDesign(OOD) The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) TheUseofClassesinOOD TheuseofInheritanceinOOD TheUseofPolymorphisminOOD CreatingaClassDiagram:CaseStudy
Creating a Class Diagram: Case study Informationtobuildtheclassdiagram:
Astudentcanbeanundergraduatestudentoragraduatestudent g g Anundergraduatestudentcanbeatypeoftutor Atutortutorsastudent Ateacherandaprofessoraretwotypesofinstructors eac e a d a p o esso a e o ypes o s uc o s Ateacherassistantcanassistaprofessorandateacher;ateacher canbeassistedbyoneassistant,whileaprofessorcanbeassistedby uptofiveassistants Ateacherassistantisatypeofgraduatestudent
Astudentcanbeanundergraduatestudentoragraduatestudent A student can be an undergraduate student or a graduate student
Student
Undergraduate U d d t
Graduate G d t
Anundergraduatestudentcanbeatypeoftutor An undergraduate student can be a type of tutor
Student Tutor T t
Undergraduate U d d t
Graduate G d t
Atutortutorsastudent A tutor tutors a student
tutors> Tutor T t Student
Undergraduate U d d t
Graduate G d t
Ateacherandaprofessoraretwotypesofinstructors A teacher and a professor are two types of instructors
tutors> Tutor T t Student Instructor
Undergraduate U d d t
Graduate G d t
Teacher
Professor
Ateacherassistantcanassistaprofessorandateacher;ateachercan beassistedbyoneassistant,whileaprofessorcanbeassistedbyup b i db i hil f b i db tofiveassistants
tutors> Tutor T t Student Instructor
Undergraduate U d d t
Graduate G d t
Teacher 1 0..1
Professor 1 0..4
TeacherAssistant
Ateacherassistantisatypeofgraduatestudent
tutors> Tutor Student Instructor
Undergraduate
Graduate
Teacher 1 0..1
Professor 1 0..4
TeacherAssistant
Project
Readthefollowingscenarioandperformtherequiredactivities:
Theassignedprojectrequirestobuildanonlinestorewiththe followingcharacteristics: Customerscanbuydifferentphysicalobjectswhichwillbedelivered followingpayment f ll i t Paymentcanbemadeviacreditcard(arrangementswithathird partyarealreadymade)
Activities: 1. 2. 2 3. 4. 5. UsingBPMN(BusinessProcessModelingNotation)modelthebusiness DrawtheUseCaseDiagramofasoftwaresystemwhichsupportsthebusiness D th U C Di f ft t hi h t th b i DrawtheSequenceDiagramforeachUseCases DrawtheActivityDiagramforeachUseCase DrawtheClassDiagramsforthesystem
