Isometric
Pictorial Sketching
Classification of Sketches
Isometrics
The Greek word Axon means Axis And Metric means to measure Axonometric projection is a parallel projection technique used to create a pictorial drawing of an object by rotating the object on an axis relative to a projection or picture plane Axonometric drawings are classified by the angles between the lines comprising the axonometric axes.
Isometric- All three angles equal Diametric- Two angles equal Trimetric- No angles equal
Advantages and Disadvantages
Lines are scaled (foreshortened) but can find scaling
factors Lines preserved but angles are not
Projection of a circle in a plane not parallel to the projection plane is an ellipse
Can see three principal faces of a box-like object Some optical illusions possible
Parallel lines appear to diverge
Does not look real because far objects are scaled the
same as near objects Used in CAD applications
Pictorial projection
Not intended to give exact or true view. Not intended to transmit dimensions, although sometimes dimension is useful. Useful when the information and instructions to be given to nontechnical and untrained people. Hidden lines are not shown in isometric drawing.
Isometric projection
Isometric projection is a true representation of the isometric
view of an object Isometric view is created by rotating the object 45 degree about vertical axis, and tilting it forward 35 deg 16
Isometric Projection vs. Drawing
Isometric Projection is produced at a scale of 0.816 Isometric projection is a true representation of the object Isometric Drawing is produced using a scale that is full size Isometric Drawing has the same proportion as an isometric projection but is larger by a factor of 1.23:1 Isometric drawings are almost always preferred over isometric projection because they are easier to produce
Axonometric Projection
Type of axonometric drawing Axonometric projection Trimetric Dimetric Isometric
a b c
Isometric axis All angles are equal.
a b c
Dimetric axis Two angles are equal.
a b c
Trimetric axis None of angles are equal.
Axonometric projection
Axonometric projection Trimetric Dimetric Isometric
Selection of Isometric Axes
Main purpose of isometric view is to provide a pictorial view which reveals as much detail as possible Selection of principal edges is important Figure shows different isometric views of the same block
Positions of Isometric Axes
Isometric axes can be arbitrarily positioned to create different views of a single object.
Regular isometric Reverse axis isometric Long axis isometric
View point is looking down on the top of the object.
View point is looking up on the bottom of the object.
View point is looking from the right (or left) of the object.
Visual on Isometric Project vs. Isometric Drawing
Isometric projection & Isometric drawing Isometric projection: drawn at scale of 0.816 Isometric drawing: drawn at full scale
Distance in Isometric Drawing
True-length distances are shown along isometric lines. Isometric line is the line that run parallel to any of the isometric axes.
Nonisometric lines
Isometric axes
Non-isometric lines
Non-isometric lines are the lines that are not parallel to any
of the iso-lines. They are drawn by transferring the distance of X or Y from multiview to iso-view, not the actual length itself.
Isometric and Non-Isometric Lines and Planes
Isometric Planes
Hidden Lines in Isometric
Otherwise- Hidden lines are NOT shown in Isometric Drawings. It is represented as a solid looking object!
With isometric, remember 30, 30, Vertical
Boxing-In Method for Creating Isometric Drawings
Determine the Isometric viewpoint that clearly
depicts the features of the object, then draw the isometric axes that will produce that viewpoint Construct isometric planes using overall Height (H), Length (L), and Depth (D) of the object so that the object will be contained inside the box Locate Details on the isometric planes Darken in all visible lines and eliminate hidden lines unless absolutely necessary to show them
Sketch from an actual object
STEPS 1. Positioning object. 2. Select isometric axis. 3. Sketch enclosing box. 4. Add details. 5. Darken visible lines.
10
Sketch from an actual object
STEPS 1. Positioning object. 2. Select isometric axis. 3. Sketch enclosing box. 4. Add details. 5. Darken visible lines. Note In isometric sketch/drawing), hidden lines are omitted unless they are absolutely necessary to completely describe the object.
Sketch from multiview drawing
1. Interprete the meaning of lines/areas in multiview drawing. 2. Locate the lines or surfaces relative to isometric axis.
11
Example 1 : Object has only normal surfaces Top Top View
Regular H
Front
W
Side
D
Front View
W
Side View
D
Bottom View
Reverse
Front Bottom
Side
Example 2 : Object has inclined surfaces
Nonisometric line
y H y
x x W
Front View
12
Example 3 : Object has inclined surfaces
x C x B C A y B A x x
y C
Nonisometric line
Example 4
Regular
x
y B
C E D A B F Front View
C A
D F E
Reverse
13
Steps in Creating an Isometric Sketch
Constructing a Drawing Having Non-Isometric Lines
14
Constructing Drawings with an Oblique Surface
15
16
Locating Points or Irregular Shape
17
Sketching a Circle
Draw a square whose sides are the diameter of the circle. At the center of each side define the point of tangency for the circle. Draw the diagonals of the square. Orient the paper so you can draw equal arcs to construct the circle
Isometric Representation of Circles
NO!!!
18
Circle & Arc in Isometric
In isometric drawing, a circle appears as an ellipse. Sketching Steps 1. Locate the center of an ellipse. 2. Construct an isometric square. 3. Sketch arcs that connect the tangent points.
Circle & Arc in Isometric
Four-center method is usually used when drawn an isometric ellipse with drawing instrument. Sketching Steps 1. Locate the center of an ellipse. 2. Construct an isometric square. 3. Construct a perpendicular bisector from each tangent point. 4. Locate the four centers. 5. Draw the arcs with these centers and tangent to isometric square.
19
Sketching an Isometric Ellipse
!
20
Creating Isometric Cylindrical Features
21
Creating Partial Isometric Cylindrical Features
Irregular Curve in Isometric
Steps 1. Construct points along the curve in multiview drawing. 2. Locate these points in the isometric view. 3. Sketch the connecting lines.
22
True Ellipse Method
23
Example 5
Isometric dimensions
Although isometric drawing is not intended to transmit dimension, sometimes dimensions are placed to indicate the size.
24
25
26
27
