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Projectile Motion and Vectors

This document provides an overview of projectile motion concepts including: 1) Projectile motion involves both horizontal and vertical motion, with the horizontal component remaining constant and the vertical component changing due to gravity. 2) Vectors are used to represent projectile motion, with the magnitude representing speed and direction representing the trajectory. 3) Projectile motion follows a curved path due to the independent effects of the horizontal and changing vertical components combined over time.

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206 views11 pages

Projectile Motion and Vectors

This document provides an overview of projectile motion concepts including: 1) Projectile motion involves both horizontal and vertical motion, with the horizontal component remaining constant and the vertical component changing due to gravity. 2) Vectors are used to represent projectile motion, with the magnitude representing speed and direction representing the trajectory. 3) Projectile motion follows a curved path due to the independent effects of the horizontal and changing vertical components combined over time.

Uploaded by

sohamdey
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter3 ProjectileMotionNotes

Introduction
v NonlinearMotionMotionalongacurvedpath.

e.g.throwingabaseball,cannon,ballrolling offtable.
v 2independentcomponentsofmotion:

Horizontal=remainsconstantw/oaforceactingonit. Vertical=changesw/time,gpullsobjectat10m/s/s. Combinedeffectsproduceacurvedpath,however, neithercomponentaffectstheother.


v Vectors(arrows)helpusunderstandthismotion.

3.1VectorandScalarQuantities
v Vectorquantity:Aquantitythatrequiresboth

magnitude&direction. e.g.velocity,acceleration v Scalarquantity:Aquantitythatisdescribedby magnitudeonly.Canbeadded,subtracted,multiplied &divided. e.g.mass,volume&time v Arrowsareusedtorepresentvectorquantities. lengthofarrow=magnitude directionofarrow=directionofvectorquantity

3.2VelocityVectors
FollowontheBoard
v Supposeanairplaneisflyingnorthat100km/h

andthereisatailwindblowingnorthata velocityof20km/h. v Supposethesameairplaneturnsaroundand fliesintothewind. v Supposeanairplaneflyingnorthat80km/h caughtastrongcrosswindof60km/hblowing westtoeast.

3.2Continued
Resultant:theresultofaddingtwovectors. Howdoyoufindtheresultant? Vectorsatrightangles:
1. 2. 3.

v v

Draw2vectorswithtailstouching Drawparallelprojectionofeachvectorwithdashedlines Drawthediagonal(frompointwheretailsaretouching) Formaparallelogram,theresultantisitsdiagonal.

Vectorsnotatrightangles:
1.

Note:Toadd2vectorsthatareequalinmagnitude&atright angles,weuseasquare.Thediagonalisthesquarerootof 2or1.414timesthelengthofoneofitssides.

3.3ComponentsofVectors
v v

Anyvectorcanbebrokendownintoitsvertical andhorizontalvectors,calledcomponents. Resolution:processofdeterminingthe componentsofavector.(p.32,Figure3.7)


VerticalandHorizontallinesaredrawnfromthetail ofthevector. 2. Arectangleisdrawnthatenclosesthevectorasits diagonal. 3. Sidesoftherectanglearethedesiredcomponents.
1.

3.4ProjectileMotion
Projectiles:stonethrowninair,cannonball,etc. v ProjectileMotion: Horizontalvelocityremainsconstantwhennohorizontalforce actsonprojectile. Verticalvelocitychangesduestogravity. v Combinedaffectproducescurvedpath,parabola.
v

3.5UpwardlyLaunchedProjectiles

Nogravity=projectile followsstraightlinepath. v Withgravity=projectile fallsbeneathline,same verticaldistanceitwould fallfromrest. 2ord=5t 2 v d=gt


v

3.5Continued
v Figure3.11,p.36
Horizontalcomponentisalwaysthesame Verticalcomponentchanges Resultant=diagonalofrectangleformed Initialvelocityisgreaterduetoincreaseinangle=higherpath Pathsofprojectileswithsameinitialspeedbutdifferentprojectionangles. Projectilesreachdifferentheight&horizontaldistances. Distanceisthesameforprojectileslaunchedatanglesthataddupto90 degrees. Maximumrangeordistanceisobtainedat45degreeangle

v Figure3.12,p.36 v Figure3.13,p.36

v Ifairresistanceissmall,itwilltakethesameamountoftimeforprojectile toreachitsmaxheightasitdoestofall v Forshortrangeprojectiles,assumegroundisflat. Longrangeprojectiles,accountforearthscurvature.

3.6FastMovingProjectilesSatellites
v EarthSatellite:aprojectile

travelingfastenoughtofall aroundtheearthratherthan intoit. Thisspeedis8km/sor 18,000mi/h v Satellitesorbitaboveearths atmosphereinordertoavoid airdragandburningup. Cantavoidgravity!

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