Naming Compounds Handout
IONIC COMPOUNDS versus MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
ionic compound: consist of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions) held together by electrostatic attraction usually metal + nonmetal(s) made of monatomic ions, polyatomic ions, and/or both monatomic ions: consist of a single atom polyatomic ions: consist of more than one atom consist of nonmetal atoms bonded together by shared electrons (covalent bonding) acid: a molecular compound that releases + hydrogen ions (H ) when dissolved in water
molecular compound:
NAMING MONATOMIC CATIONS:
Metal atoms lose valence electrons to form positively charged ions, called cations. An ion formed from an individual atom is a monatomic (or monoatomic) cation. I. Groups IA to IIIA elements silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) form only one type of ion each: + + + + + Group IA elements form +1 ions: Li , Na , K , Rb , Cs Group IIA elements form +2 ions: Be , Mg , Ca , Sr , Ba +3 Group IIIA elements form +3 ions: Al + +2 +2 silver ion = Ag ; zinc ion = Zn ; cadmium ion = Cd
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2
When a Group IAIIIA element, silver, zinc, or cadmium forms an ion, it is named:
element name + ion
e.g. Na = sodium ion
+
Sr = strontium ion
+2
Zn = zinc ion
+2
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
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II. The Stock system is used to name transition metals and other metals that form more than one ion: +2 +3 iron (Fe) forms two ions: Fe and Fe +2 +4 lead (Pb) forms two ions: Pb and Pb
When a a metal can form more than one ion, each ion is named:
element name (charge in Roman numerals) + ion
e.g. Fe = iron (II) ion +3 Fe = iron (III) ion
+2
Pb = lead (II) ion +4 Pb = lead (IV) ion
+2
Cu = copper (I) ion +2 Cu = copper (II) ion
Name each of the following monatomic cations:
+ +2
Li = _________________________
+
Cd
= _________________________
Ag
= _________________________
Cu
+2
= _________________________
Al
+3
= ________________________
Mg
+2
= _________________________
Mn
+
+2
= ________________________
Sn
+4
= _________________________
H = _________________________
+3
Co
+3
= _________________________
Fe
+
= ________________________
Na = _________________________
+4
K = ________________________
Ti
= _________________________
Ca
+2
= ________________________
Ni
+2
= _________________________
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
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NAMING MONATOMIC ANIONS:
Nonmetal atoms gain valence electrons to form negatively charged ions called anions.
When a nonmetal forms an ion, it is named:
element stem name + ide + ion
e.g. O = oxygen atom N = nitrogen atom
! !
2 3
= oxide ion = nitride ion
Name each of the following monatomic anions: F =
_________________________
Cl = _________________________ S P
2 3
Br = _________________________ I =
= _________________________ = _________________________
_________________________
NAMING POLYATOMIC IONS:
Ions made up of more than one atom are polyatomic ions: only one polyatomic cation: NH4 = ammonium ion many polyatomic anions: see table below
+
NH4+= ammonium ion OH = hydroxide ion CN = cyanide ion CrO4
2
Polyatomic Ions
NO2 = nitrite ion NO3 = nitrate ion SO4 SO3
2
C2H3O2 = acetate ion PO4 = phosphate ion MnO4 = permanganate ion CO3
2 3
= chromate ion = dichromate ion
= sulfate ion = sulfite ion
Cr2O7
= carbonate ion
HCO3 = hydrogen carbonate ion or bicarbonate ion
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
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Name each of the following polyatomic ions:
2
CN = _________________________
2
CrO4
= _______________________
SO4
= _________________________ NO3 = ________________________
3
OH = _________________________
+
PO 4
= ________________________
NH 4 = _________________________
C 2H3O 2 = _____________________
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULAS GIVEN INDIVIDUAL IONS
Compounds must be neutral
total +ve charge = total ve charge
1. If the two ions have exactly opposite charges (+1 and 1, +2 and 2, +3 and 3) formula of the compound contains one of each ion e.g. Na
+ +2
+ Cl
! ! !
NaCl CaS AlN
+ NO3
+2
!
2 3
KNO3
Ca Al
+ S + N
Ba Fe
+ SO4 + PO4
! !
BaSO4 FePO4
+3
+3
Combine each pair of ions to get the formula of the compound they form: NH4 Sr
+
+ F
! ________________
2
Li
+ CN
!
3
________________ ________________
+2
+ CO3
! ________________
Al K
+3
+ PO4
Na
+ C2 H 3 O 2
! ! !
________________
+ OH
+3
! ________________ ! !
________________
Ni
+2
+ CrO4
________________
Fe
+ N
Cd
+2
+ SO4
________________
Co
+3
+ P
________________
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CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
2a. If two monatomic ions have different charges ! use crossover rule to get formula of the compound superscript for cation becomes subscript for anion superscript for anion becomes subscript for cation simplify subscripts to get lowest ratio of atoms (Note: Only the numbers cross down, not the signs!)
Ti2O4 is simplified! b. If two ions have different charges and at least polyatomic ion is involved use crossover rule to get formula of the compound if more than one of polyatomic ion in formula, use parentheses simplify subscripts to get lowest ratio of atoms (Note: Again only the numbers cross down, not the signs!)
2 NH+ O 4 (NH4)2O
>
Ca NO3> Ca(NO3)2
2+
Pb>4+ CO2 3> Pb(CO3)2
Pb2(CO3)4 is simplified!
Combine each pair of ions to get the formula of the compound they form:
Cu
Sn
+4
SO4
Li
CO3
Fe
+3
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
>
>
Na+ S 2 Na2S
>
> Ba2+ N3 Ba3N2
Ti O> TiO2
4+
Ni
+2
PO4
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CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND NAMES FROM INDIVIDUAL IONS
Compounds are named from the individual ions they come from.
Name the cation and the anion, then remove ion from each name: e.g. Na = sodium ion Cl = chloride ion
+ +
NaCl = sodium chloride
K = potassium ion 2 CO3 = carbonate ion Fe = iron (III) ion NO3 = nitrate ion Ag = silver ion 2 S = sulfide ion
+ +3
K2CO3 = potassium carbonate
! !
Fe(NO3)3 = iron (III) nitrate
Ag2S = silver sulfide
Combine each pair of ions to get the chemical formula, then name the compound: Individual ions Compound Formula Compound Name
Mg Ni
+2
F S
_____MgF2______ _______________ _______________ _______________
______magnesium fluoride_____ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
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+2
Ca Al
+2
Br P
+3
Co K
+
+2
NO2 CrO4
_______________ _______________ _______________
Fe
+3
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
GIVEN THE CHEMICAL FORMULA, NAME THE COMPOUND
1. If the metal is in Groups IAIIIA, silver, cadmium, or zinc, then just name the metal cation and the anion: e.g.
NaCl ! Na = sodium and Cl = chloride ! sodium chloride BaI2 ! Ba = barium and I = iodide ! barium iodide
Al(OH)3 ! Al = aluminum and OH = hydroxide ! aluminum hydroxide ZnSO4 ! Zn = zinc and SO4 = sulfate ! zinc sulfate
2. If the metal can form more than one ion, a. Use reverse crossover to get the individual ions Make the subscript of cation the negative charge of anion Make the subscript of anion the positive charge of cation b. Check to make sure the charges on the ions are correct c. Name the cation and the anion, then remove ion from both e.g.
Ni Br2
then
Ni
+2
= nickel (II) ion
Br = bromide ion
Is bromides charge really 1? YES!
NiBr2 = nickel (II) bromide
d. If a polyatomic ion is involved, remember that more than one polyatomic is shown in parenthesesi.e. DO NOT bring up the subscript of atoms in a polyatomic ion to be the charge of the metal!
CuSO4
2 for the Cu based on the SO4. The formula is SO4 , and 2 there is only ONE SO4 , so Cus charge here must be +2 for the compound to have an overall charge of zero. 2 ! Cu+2 = copper (II) ion SO4 = sulfate ion
! There is only ONE Cu and ONE SO4, so get the charge
then
CuSO4 = copper (II) sulfate
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
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Give the name for each compound given its chemical formula:
Formula MgCl2 LiOH ZnCO3 K2S FePO4 SnO2 CuBr2 Ag3N Mn(CN)2 AgC2H3O2
Individual Ions
Mg
+2
Name of Compound
magnesium chloride
Cl
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULAS GIVEN THE COMPOUND NAME
Get the individual ions from the name, then combine them using the crossover rule: e.g. barium chloride
barium = Ba
+2
chloride = Cl
Ba+2 Cl
aluminum sulfate
BaCl2
+3
aluminum = Al
sulfate = SO4
Al+3 SO42
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
Al2(SO4)3
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Give the name for each compound given its chemical formula:
Name of Compound
lithium cyanide iron (III) sulfate calcium iodide tin (IV) dichromate cadmium nitrite copper (II) acetate zinc carbonate lead (II) phosphide potassium sulfite cobalt (II) nitride nickel (II) permanganate
individual ions
Li
+
Formula LiCN
CN
NAMING MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Indicate number of atoms of each element with Greek prefix before element name: # of atoms 1 2 3 4 5 Greek Prefix mono (usually omitted) di tri tetra penta # of atoms 6 7 8 9 10 Greek Prefix hexa hepta octa nona deca
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CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
For the first element: For the second element: Note:
Greek prefix + element name Greek prefix + element name stem + -ide
Mono is generally omitted, except in common names like CO = carbon monoxide
P2O5
diphosphorus pentaoxide
Name the following molecular compounds:
SF6
sulfur hexafluoride
SO3 = _____________________
SiBr4 = ______________________
XeF6 = ______________________ ClF3 = ______________________ N2O4 = ______________________ Cl2O7= ______________________ PCl5 = ______________________ P4O10 = _____________________
DETERMINING FORMULAS OF MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Use Greek prefix(es) to determine number of atoms of each element in formula. Get elements and number of atoms of each from name:
tetraphosphorus hexasulfide
P4S6
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Give the formulas for each of the following molecular compounds:
nitrogen trichloride
dibromine heptaoxide
dinitrogen pentasulfide
DETERMINING FORMULAS AND NAMES OF ACIDS FROM IONS
Given an ion, we can get formula of acid by: we can name for acid:
adding H atoms equal to negative charge on ion depending on suffix of ion name
F = fluoride ion NO2 = nitrite ion SO4
2 = sulfate ion
add # of H's equal to negative charge
HF (aq) = hydrofluoric acid HNO2 (aq) = nitrous acid H2SO4 (aq) = sulfuric acid
add # of H's equal to negative charge
add # of H's equal to negative charge
Name each of the following ions, and determine the formula and name of the corresponding acid that forms from the ion.
Name of Ion Formula of Acid Name of Acid
Cl = _____chloride ion_____ ! ____HCl____ (aq) = ___hydrochloric acid____ CO3 SO3 PO4
2 2 3 = _________________ = _________________ = _________________
! ! !
_________ (aq) = _______________________ _________ (aq) = _______________________ _________ (aq) = _______________________
NO3 = __________________ ! __________ (aq) = ______________________
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout page 11 of 12
Name each of the following acids:
HBr (aq)= _________________ H2CrO4 (aq)= ___________________ H2SO4 (aq)= _______________ HC2H3O2 (aq)= ________________
Give the formula for each of the following acids: [Dont forget to indicate (aq)!]
hydrofluoric acid = __________ phosphoric acid = ___________ hydroiodic acid = ___________ sulfurous acid = ___________
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: Name each of the following compounds:
nitrous acid = ___________ chromic acid = ___________ carbonic acid = ___________ nitric acid = ___________
BaCl2
_____________________
NiBr2 SO2 PbSe2 PF5
____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
HNO3(aq)_____________________ AgF _____________________
NiSO3 _____________________ K2SO4 _____________________ FeP _____________________
Cr(C2H3O2)3________________ Al2(CO3)3 ___________________ Cd(OH)2 __________________
CuMnO4 _____________________
CHEMISTRY Naming Compounds Handout
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