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Certification
Cisco Certifications are globally respected IT certification
programs for Wide Area Networking (Internetworking).
Cisco has Three Levels of Certification
CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)
CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional)
CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetworking Expert)
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CCNA
Cisco Certified Network Associate Exam is the entry level
exam into Wide Area Networking
Exam Number: 640-802
Duration: 90 Minutes (50-60 questions)
Passing Mark: 825 / 1000
Available Languages: English
Exam Questions: Multiple-choice single answer
Multiple-choice multiple answer
Drag-and-drop
Simulations
Scenario Based
Reference Books
CCNA ICND 1 (640-822) - Wendell Odom - Cisco Press
CCNA ICND 2 (640-816) - Wendell Odom - Cisco Press
CCNA Study Guide (640-802) - Todd Lammle - Sybex
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What is a Router ?
• Router is a device which provides communication between
two or more different networks.
• It comes from the word ROUTE
• Hence it is also a device that finds the best route (path)
between any two networks.
• The router acts as the Gateway to a network.
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Functions of a Router
• Inter-network Communication
• Best Path Selection
• Packet Switching
• Packet forwarding
Different brands of Routers
• Cisco
• Nortel
• Multicom
• Cyclades
• Juniper
• Dlink
• Linksys, etc,
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Cisco’s Hierarchical Design Model
There are three layers to the Cisco hierarchical model
• Access Layer
• Distribution Layer
• Core Layer
Access Layer Routers
• Routers which are used at branch offices known as
Access Layer Routers or ROBO (Remote Office/Branch
Office)
Router Series : 1600, 1700, 1800, 2500.
Cisco 1800
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Distribution Layer Router
• Routers which are used at Head offices are known as
Distribution layer/ Enterprise layer router
Router Series : 2600, 2800 ,3600, 3700, 3800.
Cisco 3600 Cisco 3700
Cisco 2600XM/2691
Core Layer Router
• Routers which are used by the ISPs are known as
Core/Backbone Routers
Router Series : 7200, 7600, 10000, 12000
Cisco 7000
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Cisco 2501 - Fixed Router
AUI
Attachment
Unit Interface Serial Ports
S0 and S1 Power Switch
E0
Chassis
Console Auxiliary Power
Con 0 Aux 0 Supply
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Modular Router
Cisco 1700 Modular Router
WIC – Wan Interface Card
Cisco 2600 Modular Router
Cisco 2611 Modular Router
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Attachment Unit Interface
• AUI is an 15 pin female interface to connect to LAN
• Transceiver is used for connecting AUI port to LAN HUB /
Switch.
• Transceiver converts DB-15 signal to RJ-45.
• It is also referred as Ethernet interface
Transceiver
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Attachment Unit Interface
An IP address needs to be assigned to this interface
and it should be in the same network as of the LAN.
Ethernet 0
Straight Cable 192.168.1.1/24
Straight Cable
1.2 1.3 1.4
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
Attachment Unit Interface
Ethernet 0
192.168.1.1/24
If you connect Router AUI directly
to PC LAN Card then You have to
Cross Cable use a Cross Cable
1.2
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
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Serial Port
• Serial port is used for WAN Connectivity.
• Serial port is 60 pin female connector. (i.e. 15 pins and 4
rows) and Smart Serial port is 26 pin female connector.
• V.35 cable used to connect between Leased Line modem
and serial port of Router.
V.35 Serial Cable
Smart Serial
Normal Serial
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Console Port
• It is known as Local Administrative Port
• It is generally used for Initial Configuration, Password
Recovery and Advanced troubleshooting of the Router. It is
RJ45 Port
• Note: It is the most important port on the Router.
Console / Rollover Cable
• Rollover Cable
It is used for connecting Router Console Port to PC Com
Ports or Serial ports.
1 1
12345678 2 2 12345678
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
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DB 9 Converter
Auxiliary Port
• It is known as Remote Administrative Port.
• Used for remote administration / Configuration
• Its an RJ-45 port
• A console / rollover cable is used.
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Auxiliary Connectivity
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Internal Components of Router
• ROM (Read only Memory)
A bootstrap program is located here. It is same as the
BIOS of the PC.
• Flash memory
Internetwork Operating System (IOS) is stored here.
IOS is Command line interface.
Internal Components
• NVRAM
Non-volatile RAM, similar to Hard Disk
It is also known as Permanent Storage, Startup
Configuration is stored here.
• RAM
It is also known as Temporary Storage or running
Configuration. Minimum size of RAM is 2MB. The size of
RAM is greater than NVRAM in the Router.
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Internal Components
Boot sequence
Power on Self Test
(verifies) the hardware POST
Contacts the ROM
Loads the Bootstrap Program
& Locates IOS
ROM
IOS found in Flash
FLASH
Loading IOS
Flash contacts the NVRAM
NVRAM
For Configuration File
NVRAM configuration copied
RAM
into RAM
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Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\> telnet 192.168.1.1
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Hyderabad> enable
password : ****
Hyderabad#
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