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Dynamic Routing Essentials

The document discusses dynamic routing and the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). It describes the advantages of dynamic routing over static routing, the different types of dynamic routing protocols including RIP, and provides details about RIP such as the routing algorithm used, metrics, timers, and network diagram examples. It also compares RIP version 1 and 2, and discusses some disadvantages of RIP including bandwidth utilization and slow convergence.

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83 views5 pages

Dynamic Routing Essentials

The document discusses dynamic routing and the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). It describes the advantages of dynamic routing over static routing, the different types of dynamic routing protocols including RIP, and provides details about RIP such as the routing algorithm used, metrics, timers, and network diagram examples. It also compares RIP version 1 and 2, and discusses some disadvantages of RIP including bandwidth utilization and slow convergence.

Uploaded by

api-19886716
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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4/28/2008

Dynamic Routing

Advantages of Dynamic Routing over Static Routing :

• Advertise only the directly connected networks.

• Updates the topology changes dynamically.

• Administrative work is reduced.

• Used in medium & large networks.

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4/28/2008

Types of Dynamic Routing Protocols

• Distance Vector Protocol

• RIP

• Link State Protocol

• OSPF

• Hybrid Protocol (Advance Distance Vector Protocol)

• EIGRP

Routing Information Protocol

• Open Standard Protocol


• Uses Bellman-Ford Algorithm
• Classfull routing protocol
• Updates are periodically broadcasted using IP address
255.255.255.255
• Administrative distance is 120
• Metric : Hop count
Max Hop counts : 15
• Load Balancing on 4 equal cost paths (Maximum 6 paths)
• Used for small networks
• Routing updates supports maximum 25 routes
• Also known as “Routing by Rumor”

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Rip Timers

• Update timer : 30 sec


– Time between consecutive updates
• Invalid timer : 180 sec
– Time a router waits to hear updates
– The route is marked unreachable if there is no
update during this interval.
• Flush timer : 240 sec
– Time before the invalid route is purged from the
routing table

RIP - Network Diagram

172.16.0.1/16 172.17.0.1/16
S0 S0

CHE S1 HYD S1 BAN


172.16.0.2/16 172.17.0.2/16
E0 E0 E0
192.168.1.1/24 10.0.0.1/8 192.168.2.1/24

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24 LAN – 10.0.0.0/8 LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

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Comparison between RIPv1 & RIPv2

RIP-v1 RIP-v2

• Classfull routing • Classless routing


protocol protocol

• Do not advertise • Advertise subnet mask


subnet mask information in routing
information in routing updates
update

• It works with • It works with


broadcasting multicasting(224.0.0.9)
(255.255.255.255)

• It does not support • Supports


authentication authentication
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Disadvantages of RIP

• More Bandwidth utilization for sending updates

• Doesn’t consider the bandwidth in metric calculation,

uses only hop counts

• Slow convergence

• Formation of Routing loops

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Routing loops

• Routing loops are formed due to the default

behavior of RIP, where it exchanges the complete

routing tables with its neighbors or due to slow

network convergence.

Routing Loop Avoidance

• Built-in mechanisms to avoids routing loops in


Distance-Vector Routing Protocols

• Route Poisoning
– It is a mechanism to inform about unreachable routes to
neighbors.

• Split Horizon
– A Route learned through an interface is never advertised back
on the same interface it learned.

• Hold-down timer
– Timer set to avoid inconsistent updates.

• Flash update (Triggered update) : Route will use flash


update to intimate topology changes to neighbor.

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