Lecture 9
Digital television
Set-Top-Box Architecture
• Set-Top-Boxes
• Hardware
• Software
• Some extras
• Hierarchical constellations
• Diversity reception
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Zarlink semiconductor
Z10310/11 DVB-T Receiver
388 Pin PBGA
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Sci-worx
FEC_SA DVB-S FEC
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LSI Logic
L64782 COFDM Receiver
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Comtech
AHA4210 FEC
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Digital TV back end
OK, we have the Transport Stream TS (from front end)
Note TS is exactly the same for DVB-C/S/T
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Demux of TS
• Construct Program Association Table (PAT), Program Map
Table (PMT), Network Information Table (NIT),
and Conditional Access Table (CAT)
• Extract compressed video
• Extract compressed audio
• Extract other data (MHP, Supertext, subtitles, conditional acces)
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Handling the data
Video stream decompression
Audio stream decompression
Teletext display
Program information display
MHP functions
Other interfaces (return channel)
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Exmple ST20 based
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Philips: Viper: Multiprocessor SOC for
STB
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Philips: Viper: Multiprocessor SOC for
STB
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Geode STB development platform
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STB architecture example SoC
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STB architecture example
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STB architecture example
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PC Cards:
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STB Software
Functions:
Hardware
tuner, demux, MPEG decode
Drivers
Operating system
Depending on processor,
Linux, Windows, Unix, OS20, VxWorks...
Middle Ware
MediaHigway, OpenTV, WinCE
Applications
By STB vendors
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Special needs for STB software
Limited input devices (remote control, a few buttons)
Limited output resolution (TV screen)
Easy of use VERY imporant
In general: STB market VERY price sensitive
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Set-top boxes
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Microsoft TV
Interactive program guide
Advertising, VOD, PPW
TV Server
TV Advanced
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MicrosoftTV
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Open TV
Example: EPG
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Open TV MHP Package 1.0
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Extras: Diversity receiver
• Gaussian channel: Direct-path + echoes
• E.g. stationary roof-top antenna
• Rayleigh channel: Only echoes
• Typical in portable/mobile receivers
• Problems:
• Fades: Some subcarriers are faded -> OK (COFDM)
• Deep-fades / flat fading: large number of carriers lost -> ?
• Doppler spread: Orthogonality is lost ->
• Inter carrier interference / ”FFT-leakage”
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Extras: Diversity receiver
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Extras: Diversity receiver
ρ1(k)} Complex attentuation
σ1(k) Noise at channel k
ESTIMATION
CALCULATION
CHANNEL
ANTENNA 1
Estimation of
METRICS
DEMOD
{ ρ1(k)}, { σ1(k)}
OFDM
TUNER
CAN
Portable or {x 1(k)}
Mobile
MRC
Multipath {x2(k)}
CALCULATION
Channel
ANTENNA 2
ESTIMATION
DEMOD
METRICS
CHANNEL
OFDM
TUNER
Estimation of
CAN
{ ρ2(k)}, { σ2(k)}
SOURCE DECODING EXTERNAL DECODING INTERNAL DECODING
(MPEG2) (RS CODE) (SOFT VITERBI ALGORITHM)
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Extras: Diversity receiver
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Extras: Diversity receiver
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Hierarchical constellations
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