January 2015 Semester
REVISION FOR TEST 1
1.
A spherical tank to hold water for a small village in a developing country
is
shown in FIGURE Q1.
FIGURE Q1
The volume of liquid it can hold can be computed as
V h 2
3R h
3
where V volume [m3],
h depth of water in tank [m], and
R the tank
radius [m].
If R 3 m, determine the depth of the tank to be filled so that it holds
30 m3 using three iterations of
a.
the false-position method. Find the approximate percent relative
error after the first iteration. Note that an initial guess of R
will
always converge.
[10 marks]
b.
the Newton-Raphson method. Find the approximate percent relative
error for each iteration. Note that an initial guess of R will always
converge.
[10 marks]
January 2015 Semester
2.
a.
A spherical storage tank shown in FIGURE Q2 containing oil
has radius of 10 cm.
FIGURE Q2
The volume of oil that the spherical tank can hold can be computed
as
V rh 2 h 3
3
where V is the volume, r is the radius and h is the height of wet
portion of the dipstick. Use four iterations of the bisection method to
determine h
when the tank contains 1000 cm3 volume of oil.
Compute the approximate percent relative error, a , after the first
iteration. Note that an initial guess of r will always converge.
[10 marks]
b.
The following equation pertains to the concentration of a chemical in a
completely mixed reactor:
C C in (1 e 0.05 t ) C 0 e 0.05 t .
If the initial concentration C 0 5
and the inflow concentration
C in 12 , compute the time (t ) required
for C to be equal to 10
using Newton-Raphson method with an initial guess of t 0 0 and
iterate until a 0.01% .
[10 marks]
January 2015 Semester
3. a. Given the system of linear equations
3 x1 x 2 x3 5
x1 4 x 2 2 x3 8
2 x1 x 2 4 x3 5.5
i.
Derive an LU decomposition for the coefficient matrix [ A] .
[4 marks]
ii.
Find the values of x1 , x 2
and x3
using [L]
and [U ]
matrices obtained in part (a)(i).
[3 marks]
iii.
Solve the given linear system for an alternative right-hand
6.5
side vector [B ] 7.5 .
8
[3 marks]
4.
In a chemical engineering process, water vapour (H 2O)
is heated to
sufficiently high temperatures that a significant portion of the water
dissociates, or splits apart, to form oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) :
H 2O
H 2 + O2 .
2
If it is assumed that this is the only reaction involved, the mole fraction x
of H 2O that dissociates can be represented by
x
2 pt
,
1 x 2 x
where K = the reaction equilibrium constant and pt = the total pressure
of the mixture. If pt 3.5 atm and K 0.04 , determine the value of x
that satisfies the above equation using three iterations of
a.
bisection method with the initial guesses
xl 0.01 and xu 0.03 .
January 2015 Semester
Compute the approximate percent relative error, a , after the first
iteration.
[10 marks]
b.
modified secant method with the initial guess x0 0.01 and the
perturbation fraction, 0.01 . Compute the approximate percent
relative error, a , after each iteration.
[10 marks]
5.
An oscillating current in an electric circuit is described by
i 7 e t sin t 2
where i
is the current in amperes and t
is the time in seconds.
Determine the value of t such that i 3 using four iterations of
a.
the bisection method with initial guesses of t l 0
and t u 0.5 .
Find the approximate percent relative error after the first iteration.
[10 marks]
b.
the Newton-Raphson method with an initial guess of t 0 0.3 . Find
the approximate percent relative error for each iteration.
[10 marks]
January 2015 Semester
6.
a. The following system of equations is designed to
determine concentrations (the c s in g/m3) in a series of coupled
reactors as a function of the amount of mass input to each reactor (the
right- hand sides in g/day),
15c1 3c 2 c3 3300
3c1 18c 2 6c3 1200
4c1 c 2 12c3 2400
Determine the concentrations using the
LU
decomposition
method.
[10 marks]
