A New Frontier in Military Maintenance and Repair
Photo courtesy of the U.S. Air Force/Staff Sgt. Eric T. Sheler
Executive Summary
If Napoleons army marched on its stomach, then todays military manoeuvres machines Abrams,
HMMWVs, Blackhawks, Apaches, C-17s, C-130s and numerous other end items that require
constant maintenance and repair to keep our military forces moving masterfully with maximum might
and acute agility.
The core of any organization is its resources the combined human and physical assets necessary to
produce and perform at peak levels. In todays military services, keeping major end items in mission
capable condition has been a tremendous challenge in theatres of operation. The harsh conditions
and extended deployments unplanned for in original designs have put extensive wear and tear
on equipment. Without exception, throughout all branches of military services, there is substantially
diminished slack in the system to provide support and help units maintain readiness.
Microsoft, and our partners Tectura, Intercim and NGRAIN, have come together to introduce a Service
Oriented Architecture (SOA) solution designed to reduce repair cycle time and costs. Together our team
is strategically focused on assembling the ideal components that meet functional requirements, and add
efficiency and a higher level of excellence to military maintenance facility operations.
We will briefly summarize the key issues for each opportunity for improvement and propose the features
of a comprehensive solution to address it. This is not intended to be a lengthy technical whitepaper, or
a brochure focused only on technical features, but a summary of capabilities matched against pressing
challenges. Following the challenges, we discuss the technical architecture to provide an overview of how
the solution will be sustainable, cost-effective and meet the requirements of defense departments.
Key Areas of Improvement
Microsoft and our partners have been afforded the opportunity to work with maintenance facility customers
to analyze their key problems. We developed solutions to address these problems in an integrated way,
and have identified six common key areas of potential improvement in the following categories:
Parts Ordering one of the major pain points and highest priorities identified through our work with
depot customers is the parts ordering process. One Lean study with the United States Armed Forces
revealed a complicated process of manually checking inventory from multiple sources while trying to
keep track of contractual commitments with key Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The process
is frustrating for those using it and produces poor results. In many cases, soldiers working at the depots
are unsure what exact parts to order, and end up ordering more parts than they require, in the hope
of receiving the few parts they actually need. The study showed that automating the process could
conservatively save $35M over five years.
Integrated Scheduling providing an integrated scheduling capability would have the greatest impact
on the daily operation of the maintenance facility. These tools however, are primarily standalone for the
areas that they serve and are not integrated into a master schedule. A master schedule incorporates
requirements, parts, equipment, human resources and program schedules. Without a schedule
that integrates all major inputs, it is difficult, if not impossible, to manage facility capacity. Further, a
comprehensive solution must have an integrated scheduling tool that will provide maintenance facilities
with the process visibility to implement effective schedule performance monitoring.
Improved Bill of Materials Management Bill of Materials (BOM) for assets are often inaccurate
resulting in the wrong number of the wrong items being ordered to perform a repair activity. The reasons
for this vary cumbersome legacy systems discourage users from routinely updating BOMs or National
Stock Number (NSN) changes are not captured in BOMs automatically, unclear personnel processes or
confusion around job accountability (its someone elses job). Any work execution system is dependent
upon the quality of the BOM master data for each individual asset production line. Technology alone will
not correct bad data. A comprehensive solution must facilitate a culture for personnel to identify repair
BOM discrepancies experienced on the shop floor and establish a process for communicating those
problems for resolution to a maintenance planning activity which is assigned to maintain the accuracy of
the repair BOM.
Electronic Technical Data although technical data exists at many maintenance facilities in electronic
form, it is often contained in silo-like systems used solely for lookup on the shop floor. The data is
constantly under update as the configurations of assets undergo engineering changes. The opportunity
is to integrate and link technical data into the BOMs utilizing Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals
(IETMs) to help improve productivity and eliminate a silo.
Reporting monitoring shop floor operations and analyzing progress and results is largely done
through a mix of legacy applications and departmental databases. Many systems were originally
developed to track program costs or to track maintenance activities performed. They were designed for
this sole purpose and therefore are limited to capturing data related to that purpose. With the advent
of process improvement and quality methods such as Lean/Six Sigma and Theory of Constraints in the
materiel commands across the services, the need to capture detailed data is greater than ever. Several
sites Microsoft has worked with have developed 300 to 600 Excel and Access repositories derived
from source system data to manage schedules and other processes. In order to manage the portfolio
of maintenance activities within the military services, a more comprehensive approach needs to be
adopted to provide leaders and strategic decision makers with increased visibility of maintenance to
Key Areas of Improvement, continued
support budgeting and planning. This will, in turn, provide them with the ability to prioritize maintenance
activities based on force generation needs. In addition, it will better support a reporting infrastructure
where key performance metrics for a maintenance facility is sourced directly and seamlessly from system
data, rather than manual manipulation through external spreadsheets and other data analysis programs.
Complete Asset Life Cycle Management Maintenance data is kept on assets, of course, but is not
kept in all cases electronically or in an integrated system. Enabling the capture of repair activities not
only provides a feedback loop to increase the accuracy of BOMs, but enables the military to reduce
costs and increase equipment availability through predictive maintenance. Given how maintenance
work on major end items is distributed across field and maintenance operations, developing the ability
to track maintenance activity and link it to the parts that were used and particular suppliers is of major
importance. Also, within the Life Cycle Management area is the requirement to provide tracking,
management, and replacement of the limited life components in the asset. The historical maintenance
data is used to project the effective life of those components that are limited by either time or exposure
to events (e.g., some landing gear components are limited to a fixed number of take-offs and landings).
Parts Ordering
Parts ordering is the process for placing orders for the parts required to complete a specific maintenance
activity. The measure of success is that the right parts are present at the right workstation and at the right
time. A complex source of supply can make this very challenging, forcing the production controller or item
manager to act as a router, looking up parts against OEM contract lists, checking inventories from multiple
spreadsheets or faxes, or checking parts against engineering updates.
As this plays out, the opportunity for errors is high resulting in the wrong parts being ordered, which is
costly and unnecessarily increases the repair turnaround time. Updated information is not always available
causing further delay. To address this systemic issue, a solution must simplify the act of placing a parts order
so that the production controller can get back to managing their primary work.
A comprehensive solution needs to have a single screen for ordering. A solution we developed for Army
depots provides:
Single screen ordering solution with built-in business intelligence
Data driven business rules running behind the scenes invisible to the requestor
Validation of the quality of material data input (FedLog) resulting in increased accuracy of material
ordered by minimizing the number of material rejects
Manage excess stock at the depot by checking Work In Progress (WIP) inventory first
Identify the material provider of choice
Online integration with key suppliers has the potential for elimination of a key bottleneck paper forms
for processing orders
The parts ordering process can be further enhanced by integrating an interactive 3D model of the
equipment. The 3D model can be used as a visual index to the parts, whereby the user can interact with
the 3D model and visually select the parts that require ordering. This can further reduce the number of
errors, and increase the speed of the parts ordering process.
Bills of Material (BOMs)
Maintenance facilities typically use
available replacement part data supplied
by the OEM or data thats been gathered
historically by its own personnel. The
gathered data for a specific asset is a
complete list of replacement parts for a
particular asset. Included in the file is a data
element identifying the required quantity
for each part item based upon historical
consumption data. The maintenance facility
maintains and adjusts the required needs
for the replacement parts identified on the
repair BOM.
Addressing inaccurate BOMs is a twophased approach. First, you must migrate
any repair BOM data files supplied by the
OEM. Moving forward, the upfront data
cleansing process can be discontinued. This methodology is resource intensive and the effectiveness is
difficult to measure.
Our solution enables a shop floor maintenance planning feedback capability. The BOM designer is
shown in the picture. This feedback capability allows the shop floor to report identified discrepancies with
replacement parts to a maintenance planning production support group. The planning support group,
using the feedback, will modify/update the repair BOM event template library. This is a continuously
evolving resolution mechanism to improve repair BOM accuracy. The maintenance facility may experience
impact initially due to the number of existing accuracy errors, however, efficiencies will be quickly realized
when job tickets are completed and maintenance planning feedback is incorporated.
Master repair BOMs can be captured in a library fashion similar to the maintenance event template.
Repair BOM templates will incorporate existing depot historical consumption data via the available
Overhaul Factor
Repair BOMs are linked to the maintenance library event template and carried over to the actual Job
Ticket (i.e. repair BOM assigned to asset Job Ticket) for shop floor personnel reference
Feedback is incorporated to maintain accuracy of the repair BOMs. Maintaining the accuracy of the
repair BOMs will ensure the correct parts are ordered by the shop floor for a specific asset. In the
event discrepancies result, a direct shop floor/maintenance planning feedback process will be used to
incorporate feedback into the library repair BOM event template, removing a reoccurrence of the same
discrepancy for similar future work activities. Business rules will also be associated with BOMs to ensure
the shop floor is only ordering authorized materials and quantities. This functionality prevents shop floor
material excess, reduces the number of transactions on the supply chain, and most importantly, reduces
the overall program cost.
Task Resource Requirements
Task or work resource requirements are a listing
of requirements (materials, tools, and resources)
necessary to perform a specific maintenance task at
a specific step in the assembly process. Today, these
needed resources are continuously evolving.
Problems like material lead time exceeding the
maintenance work schedule challenge the ability of
the maintenance facility to satisfy completely the task
requirements. There are many reasons for material
availability issues, i.e. material manufactured defects,
poor workmanship, incorrect use of tools/incorrect
tools for the task, or individual training issues.
Task or work resource requirements are a listing of
elements (materials, tools, and resources) necessary
to perform a specific maintenance task at a specific
step in the assembly process. Today, these needed
resources are dynamically changing, including:
Skills required a procedure requires that it be done by a worker with a certain certification.
She is out sick today.
Parts required parts arrive at the work station but have defects and a long lead time for replacement.
Tools required a lathe required for the procedure is taken out of service for a maintenance overhaul.
Ideally, the philosophy of this function is based on making all materials required to perform a maintenance
task available at the area on the shop floor where the work is to be performed. For it to work effectively,
dynamic events such as those listed above must be accounted for in the integrated schedule and managed.
Moving from mass induction mode to a one in, one out mentality is the challenge. The single objective
is to deliver all required parts to the assembly area before assembly can begin. The maintenance event
templates can again be used to identify required task materials by an enclosed material checklist on the Job
Ticket and by visual inspection of pre-staged material kits.
The Dynamics AX MRO solution uses Event Planning Templates to bring together all requirements. These in
turn feed an integrated schedule.
Once the event templates are in place, a job card can be generated from them at the point of work being
done. This is done in the shop floor control system, Velocity. This tool brings together job card information
for the worker and enables him to capture as-built information as he goes through the job. This includes
sign-offs, parts used, and tools measurement data.
If additional parts above and beyond the task are required, then facility management intervention is
required to understand why there is an issue on the line. Task resource requirements can be incorporated
into the Maintenance Event Planning templates that generate the Job Ticket. The shop floor feedback loop
will enable a maintenance planning activity to incorporate changes to task resource requirements. The
continuous improvement from using this corrective feedback loop based on task resource requirements
will establish the confidence that all the required resources are available to execute against the schedule.
Integrated Scheduling
An integrated schedule can be used to manage
resources (People/Tools/Facility Equipment),
maintenance, production and determine a facilitys
operating capacity level.
Program: The entire program scope (Work
Orders and Job Tickets) can be transformed into
an integrated work schedule based upon planned
work durations to perform the maintenance tasks.
Work Execution: Actual work performed
duration can be compared to planned/estimated
duration for performance monitoring/trending.
Resource Loading: Personnel resource loading
is performed via Job Ticket requirements in
conjunction with the schedule (available resource
man hours to actual required work man hours).
Equipment and Scheduling: Common facility
equipment and special tools (typically bottlenecks) can be scheduled and integrated with the overall
maintenance facilitys schedule. (i.e. cleaning, inspection, plating, machine press, etc.)
Capacity Planning/Modeling: A maintenance facility can determine operating capacity based upon a
comparison of the size of the workforce and available machinery/tools to customer demand. Capacity
planning/modeling enables the maintenance facility to respond to conditions of work shrink or surge.
Dynamics AX MRO would be used to draft the Maintenance Facility Plan. Each maintenance work center
can be held accountable to support the schedule/facility plan. A properly orchestrated and managed
schedule plan will reduce dependence on overtime to compensate for process inefficiency, reducing
overall program costs. Today, maintenance facilities have enough historical data to establish event template
baseline work durations.
A properly orchestrated and managed schedule plan will reduce dependence on overtime to compensate
for process inefficiency, reducing overall program costs. Today, maintenance facilities have enough historical
data to establish event template baseline work durations.
For example, Gantt charts can be used to layout, view, and print the program schedule. Reporting tools can
be used to monitor and report actual work execution performance in accordance with the schedule/plan.
Maintenance facility operating capacity can be determined based upon actual work execution performance.
Capacity planning/modeling can be performed for each shop production line matching the workforce with
actual demand. Known operating capacity allows the maintenance facility to introduce new work giving
them the flexibility to respond to overall customer demand during periods of drawdown or ramp up.
The Integrated Scheduling Tool provides the following key benefits:
Forecasting (30, 60, 90 days to 1 year) to control induction of assets
Shop Floor Work Execution (Start/Stop Statusing)
Coordination of schedule with material lead times
Electronic Technical Data
Many maintenance facilities today have
technical manuals or data at hand some
in paper format, some electronic copies of
scanned or converted documents. This is a
testament to the age of many of the platforms
in use today. At a minimum, a shop floor
work control system should be able to pull
up any electronic documents available from
a job card. This makes the interface easier to
use the maintainer is already looking at
the job card and one click brings up the right
technical document with information relating
to the procedure to be performed based on
the job card.
Some defense departments have started to
incorporate Interactive Electronic Technical
Manuals (IETMs) into the work control system.
IETMS further accelerate the benefits of
providing maintainers with access to technical
data. The IETMs typically include text and 2D
images, but can also include interactive 3D models developed for key components and ultimately entire
platforms with less investment than one might think.
The 3D models are not simply 3D pictures of a component they are fully interactive 3D simulations
of the equipment. The tool we offer allows for scripted demonstration of a repair procedure using 3D
animations to support just in time training on the procedure, or to refresh the maintainers knowledge
at the point of performance. The animations capture and demonstrate the knowledge of how to perform
the repair by showing the part movements and repair activities for each step in the task, and incorporating
audio narration. The tool we provide allows defense department maintainers and Subject Matter Experts to
create, modify and update the 3D simulation content themselves. When you consider the aging workforce
and the skill sets that will retire with them, the ability to capture their knowledge and embed it inside 3D
equipment simulations will become a critical part of operations. The use of 3D equipment simulations has
been demonstrated to enable workers to learn new procedures 60% faster and to reduce equipment repair
turnaround times by 30%.
Reporting
Efficient and effective product flow (or movement) hinges on the elimination of events that interrupt that
flow. A mechanism that can provide alternative solutions/options, and the ability to know what those
options are, is an invaluable tool. Exception management is a robust reporting tool that helps military
leaders monitor transactions and respond more dynamically to events through alerting dashboards and
insightful performance indicators. These indicators capture the data required to provide detailed analysis of
shop floor activity and conduct scenario planning.
Some of the key business metrics that a maintenance facility may need to report on are:
Cycle time
Repair Facility Maintenance Cost (Actual vs. Planned)
Schedule Performance (Actual vs. Planned)
Variance
Material Cost
Inventory Levels
Retrograde (Forecast
incoming assets)
Asset Availability
Complete Asset Lifecycle Management
Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) is the
common industry term for a variety of software
suites designed to manage maintenance processes.
A maintenance facility may see a helicopter,
tank, or aircraft dozens of times over its useful life.
Additionally, over that lifetime, the configuration
of the asset will have been updated many times.
MRO software is designed to track assets that
come back versus manufacturing oriented software
designed to manage assembly from materials.
MRO software coupled with a shop floor work
control system something that can manage
the work flow on the floor efficiently provides a
comprehensive solution.
Microsoft DynamicsTM AX MRO is a functionally rich system that offers management of operational and
maintenance functions as well as control of your assets.
Asset Visibility lets you view and manage all activities related to assets, asset maintenance, and MRO
inventory. Item Managers, Production Controllers, Project Leaders, and Maintenance Supervisors can use
Dynamics AX MRO to manage physical assets, determine asset expenditures, forecast and schedule assets
for maintenance, and retire assets at end of life. Inventory Managers use Dynamics AX MRO to manage
purchase advices and inventory levels.
Dynamics AX MRO keeps a complete record of actual repair work done materials used, people involved,
etc. It also allows for the recording of incident and accident data. Field inspections and incident data are
best captured in an MRO Portal that can be incorporated into existing portals or applications to provide
a web-accessible method of reviewing historical data. Alternatively, any data from existing systems can be
integrated with the solution to capture all maintenance activity for an asset.
Having a complete record of what has been done to an asset is critical, especially when a mishap occurs or
when preparing a major overhaul. Using these capabilities over time to manage assets can reduce costs,
increase equipment availability, and provide important capabilities. A good example of this would be the
following scenario:
An investigation into the mishap may show that a part such as a rotor cuff is defective. Since
maintenance has been tracked for assets and is linked in an integrated system to parts orders and
repair programs, it would be simple to identify the defective lot from which the part came and ground
only the affected aircraft. The query to ascertain the affected aircraft would take only minutes.
Even better, is the ability to perform increasingly accurate condition-based maintenance. Simply stated,
this is when you are able to detect patterns in usage of an asset through maintenance records and/or
environmental data and predict when a component is likely to fail, enabling you to plan maintenance rather
than deal with the problem reactively. This will directly improve readiness and increase safety.
In short, the module delivers the tools needed to manage complex aircraft, vehicle or other asset structures, and the interdependencies between assets integrated with maintenance management and history.
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Complete Asset Lifecycle Management, continued
The Maintenance cycle for any asset begins with the completion of the last maintenance action.
This includes:
Maintenance actions deferred from the previous maintenance cycle
Items identified from in-service use (in aviation these are referred to as Pilot Squawks)
The collection of mandatory service actions
Available Asset approved alterations
Regularly scheduled maintenance actions
Battle damage repairs
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Service Oriented Architecture
Over the years, military commands have developed a variety of technology solutions to resolve problems
and increase the security of their nation. While problem-solving is vital and a fluid process, solutions
must also remain in a state of continuous analysis and betterment. For example, the sea of disconnected
legacy systems that has been developed over time has become costly and unwieldy to manage, and more
importantly makes it difficult for leaders to get a true picture of the organization. To help military leaders
develop more effectively and improve efficiency, the IT community has answered the call with a concept of
system interoperability called Service-Oriented Architecture or SOA. Standards have been set and continue
to be developed and refined in this area. One thing is certain: new technologies deployed must be able
to talk SOA from the earliest implementation in sync, straight out of the box should be the constant
goal. Right now, while COTS solutions may have a SOA interface, few are built from the ground up in this
fashion. The Dynamics AX technology is an exception an exceptional exception in which each module
interacts with others using a SOA approach. It is essentially built internally using a SOA model. There is no
separate interface development tool that must be learned in order to develop interfaces to other systems
that use SOA.
While its accurate to say Microsoft Dynamics technology is SOA-compliant, its more fitting to convey
that Dynamics AX was built for SOA from the ground up. In fact, Dynamics AX leverages other Microsoft
technologies using SOA that many customers already own for things like legacy integration (to non-SOA
systems), reporting (using SQL Server Reporting Services), Portal (using SharePoint) and Security (using
Active Directory). None of these are add-on products that only serve the Dynamics AX product, they are
the tools our military customers already use. This has three main advantages:
It vastly reduces cost compared to traditional COTS tools customers are only paying for the value they
derive from the modules and not having to underwrite development of an entire vertically integrated
stack of software from end-user security through reporting tools.
It dramatically simplifies administration by keeping functionality needed within Dynamics AX and leaving
other services (reporting, security, etc.) to the other technologies. For example, there is no need to
replicate an end-user security model within the application.
It reduces development time and maintenance complexity by leveraging skills set associated with the
other commonly used tools.
Multiple Depot Scenario
AX-MRO is a solution with core strengths in manufacturing and e-commerce, and strong functionality
for the wholesale and services industries. It has been deployed in a number of scenarios where there
is a preexisting ERP system or a need to a regional or division level distribution of functionality. These
scenarios map directly to the structure of many military maintenance depots around the world.
For example, it can be integrated as departmental spokes to extend an existing enterprise hub system.
These scenarios are common when companies need to bring new offices or departments on-line quickly,
but are handcuffed by massive investments in their existing ERP infrastructure. These existing systems are
often difficult, time-consuming, and expensive to customize or extend, or might simply be out of capacity.
AX-MRO also serves well as the hub in hub and spoke deployments. In geographically dispersed
companies, for example, these deployments are often motivated by challenges with network bandwidth or
reliability, time zones, language, or other considerations.
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Conclusion
Technology alone will not reduce manufacturing execution repair cycle time and production costs. At best,
technology improves processes, and enables individuals to have a better view into managing operations and
decision making. With that in mind, Microsoft and our partners have developed solutions to address key pain
points currently limiting many military maintenance operations. Here is a brief summary of those solutions:
Parts Ordering
Ability to manage simple or complex source of supply issues
for parts ordering
Integration with legacy applications
Integrated Scheduling
Reduced cycle time through scheduling that incorporates
resources, parts, tools and master plans
BOM Management
Easy-to-use tool encourages routine updating of BOMs, which
improves parts ordering and scheduling
Allows for ongoing data cleansing
Electronic Technical Data
Simple access to technical manuals and data from the job card
Capture of process knowledge to support transitioning of the
workforce without losing productivity
Reporting
Better visibility into what is occurring on the floor
Tools to support Lean/Six Sigma initiatives
Asset Life Cycle Management
Builds a complete picture of asset maintenance history
Allows for predictive maintenance planning
Provides smarter mishap management (e.g. targeted
maintenance groundings)
Services Oriented Architecture
Built with SOA from the ground up
Agile system, allows for incorporation of data and functionality
from other systems without lengthy integration projects
Few benefits can be derived from software that is difficult for workers to use, difficult or time consuming to
implement, and that does not align well with key problem areas.
Microsoft and our partners have solutions to offer based on our understanding of specific defense
department needs. Beyond addressing business needs, we have always focused on ease of use and
streamlined implementations as a way of reducing the cost of getting to the benefit of using software.
This summary of capabilities is intended to bring some awareness or a new perspective to issues you may
face in your operation. We look forward to discussing any of our findings with you in detail and how they
might apply to your organization.
For more information, please visit us online at www.microsoft.com/dod/logistics.
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Microsoft and its extensive network of partners provides the levels of technology agencies need to conduct
their business, no matter what that business is, or how it might change. Every day, military organizations
entrust their essential functions to Microsoft solutions. Were helping those agencies and commands
enhance their effectiveness while cutting complexity, cost and risk by doing more with what they
already own. From headquarters to the front lines, if its vital to the military, its mission critical to
Microsoft. www.microsoft.com/dod/logistics
Tectura is a leading Microsoft Dynamics partner and provider of Microsoft-based ERP, CRM, and technology
solutions to mid-market companies, larger enterprises and their divisions. Tectura provides software,
consulting, and IT implementation services to more than 5,000 clients in the distribution, manufacturing,
healthcare, and service-based industries. Through these services, Tectura delivers business process
improvements, greater efficiency, and a clear competitive edge to clients in over 60 countries. Customers
benefit from unmatched experience and a solid commitment from more than 1,750 dedicated Tectura
employees with 70+ offices throughout 21 countries across the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia
Pacific. www.tectura.com
As a leader in the development and application of predictive analysis and process execution systems,
Intercim has an extensive track record of helping discrete manufacturers improve their bottom line. With
nearly 25 years experience in process engineering, software development and Aerospace and Defense
manufacturing, the company is uniquely positioned to assist component fabricators, avionics, sub- and
large-scale assembly and procedural test and control customers. Velocity by Intercim is a commercial
off-the-shelf solution used to meet regulatory requirements, harness Lean principles, manage quality
processes and bridge process execution between design and production for a closed-loop product lifecycle
management system. www.intercim.com
NGRAIN transforms the sustainment of complex equipment with 3D performance support solutions for the
military, defense manufacturing, commercial aviation, and energy industries. NGRAIN increases equipment
readiness by accelerating learning on complex equipment, enabling first-time-right performance, and
reducing maintenance cycle time. NGRAIN is optimized for web deployment and portable devices.
With NGRAIN, anyone can rapidly incorporate interactive 3D equipment simulations into sustainment
applications, including courseware and technical manuals. Customers include all branches of the United
States military, the Canadian Forces, and leading defense manufacturers and system integrators, including
Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and CAE. www.ngrain.com
2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, the Microsoft logo, Microsoft Dynamics, the Microsoft Dynamics logo, Active Directory, and SharePoint are either
trademarks or registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may
be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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