PID Control Users Manual

www.vinyticsppl.com

STUDY OF ABCD PARAMETERS

OF
TRANSMISSION LINE

Vinytics PERIPHERALS PVT. LTD.

C-241, G8, Pandav Nagar, Delhi-

110092
Tel. : 011-22462826, 22515127
Email : [email protected],
[email protected]
Website : www.vinyicsppl.com

Table of Contents
THEORY.......................................................................................................................... 1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM......................................................................................................... 4
EXPERIMENT-1...............................................................................................................5
To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is open circuit with one circuit
EXPERIMENT-2...............................................................................................................6
To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is open circuit with two
circuits
EXPERIMENT-3...............................................................................................................7
To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is open circuit with three
circuits
EXPERIMENT-4...............................................................................................................8
To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is open circuit with four
circuits
EXPERIMENT-5...............................................................................................................9
To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is short circuited with one
circuit
EXPERIMENT-6............................................................................................................. 10
To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is short circuited with two
circuit
EXPERIMENT-7.............................................................................................................11
To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is short circuited with three
circuit
EXPERIMENT-8............................................................................................................. 12
To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is short circuited with four
circuit
LIST OF ACCESSORIES...............................................................................................12

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THEORY
A major section of power system engineering deals in the transmission of electrical
power from one particular place (eg. generating station) to another like substations or
distribution units with maximum efficiency. So its of substantial importance for power
system engineers to be thorough with its mathematical modeling. Thus the entire
transmission system can be simplified to a two port network for the sake of easier
calculations.

The circuit of a 2 port network is shown in the diagram below. As the name suggests, a
2 port network consists of an input port PQ and an output port RS. Each port has 2
terminals to connect itself to the external circuit. Thus it is essentially a 2 port or a 4
terminal circuit, having

Given to the output port R S.

As shown in the diagram below.

Users Manual
Now the ABCD parameters or the transmission line parameters provide the link between
the supply and receiving end voltages and currents, considering the circuit elements to
be linear in nature.
Thus the relation between the sending and receiving end specifications are given using
ABCD parameters by the equations below.

Now in order to determine the ABCD parameters of transmission line let us impose the
required circuit conditions in different cases.

ABCD Parameters, When Receiving End is Open Circuit

The receiving end is open circuited meaning receiving end current IR = 0.

Applying this condition to equation (1) we get,

Thus its implies that on applying open circuit condition to ABCD parameters, we get
parameter A as the ratio of sending end voltage to the open circuit receiving end
voltage. Since dimension wise A is a ratio of voltage to voltage, A is a dimension less
parameter.

Users Manual
Applying the same open circuit condition i.e IR = 0 to equation (2)

Thus its implies that on applying open circuit condition to ABCD parameters of
transmission line, we get parameter C as the ratio of sending end current to the open
circuit receiving end voltage. Since dimension wise C is a ratio of current to voltage, its
unit is mho.
Thus
C
is
the
open
circuit conductance and
is
given
by
C = IS VR mho.

ABCD Parameters,
Circuited

When

Receiving

End

is

Short

Receiving end is short circuited meaning receiving end voltage VR = 0

Applying this condition to equation (1) we get,

Thus its implies that on applying short circuit condition to ABCD parameters, we get
parameter B as the ratio of sending end voltage to the short circuit receiving end
current. Since dimension wise B is a ratio of voltage to current, its unit is . Thus B is
the
short
circuit resistance and
is
given
by
B = VS IR .
Applying the same short circuit condition i.e VR = 0 to equation (2) we get

Users Manual
Thus its implies that on applying short circuit condition to ABCD parameters, we get
parameter D as the ratio of sending end current to the short circuit receiving end current.
Since dimension wise D is a ratio of current to current, its a dimension less parameter.
the ABCD parameters of transmission line can be tabulated as:-

PARAMETER

SPECIFICATION

UNIT

A = VS / VR

Voltage ratio

Unit less

B = VS / IR

Short circuit resistance

C = IS / V R

Open circuit conductance mho

D = IS / IR

Current ratio

Unit less

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Users Manual

EXPERIMENT-1
AIM: To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is open circuit with one circuit

PROCESURE
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram

2. Switch on the MCB

3. Apply the voltage at the senders end in equal steps and note down the readings
of Voltmeters and Ammeter at both the ends by keeping the Receiver end open
4. Tabulate the readings as shown in the table below
SENDERS END
RECIEVERS END
Sno
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
1
50
0
50
0
2
100
0
101
0
3
150
0
151
0
4
200
0.01
201
0
5
220
0.01
222
0
5. Calculate the ABCD parameters from the formulae explained above

Users Manual

EXPERIMENT-2
AIM: To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is open circuit with two circuits

PROCESURE
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram

2. Switch on the MCB

3. Apply the voltage at the senders end in equal steps and note down the readings
of Voltmeters and Ammeter at both the ends by keeping the Receiver end open
4. Tabulate the readings as shown in the table below
SENDERS END
RECIEVERS END
Sno
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
1
50
0
51
0
2
100
0.01
101
0
3
150
0.02
151
0
4
200
0.03
201
0
5
220
0.04
222
0
5. Calculate the ABCD parameters from the formulae explained above

Users Manual

EXPERIMENT-3
AIM: To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is open circuit with three circuits

PROCESURE
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram

2. Switch on the MCB

3. Apply the voltage at the senders end in equal steps and note down the readings
of Voltmeters and Ammeter at both the ends by keeping the Receiver end open
4. Tabulate the readings as shown in the table below
SENDERS END
RECIEVERS END
Sno
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
1
50
0
50
0
2
100
0.02
102
0
3
150
0.04
153
0
4
200
0.07
204
0
5
220
0.07
225
0
5. Calculate the ABCD parameters from the formulae explained above

Users Manual

EXPERIMENT-4
AIM: To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is open circuit with four circuits

PROCESURE
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram

2. Switch on the MCB

3. Apply the voltage at the senders end in equal steps and note down the readings
of Voltmeters and Ammeter at both the ends by keeping the Receiver end open
4. Tabulate the readings as shown in the table below
SENDERS END
RECIEVERS END
Sno
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
1
50
0.02
51
0
2
100
0.04
102
0
3
150
0.7
150
0
4
200
0.10
209
0
5
220
0.11
230
0
5. Calculate the ABCD parameters from the formulae explained above

Users Manual

EXPERIMENT-5
AIM: To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is short circuited with one circuit

PROCESURE
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram

2. Switch on the MCB

3. Apply the voltage at the senders end in equal steps and note down the readings
of Voltmeters and Ammeter at both the ends by keeping the Receiver end short
circuited by shorting the voltmeter at the receiver end.
4. Tabulate the readings as shown in the table below
SENDERS END
RECIEVERS END
Sno
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
1
10
0.16
0
0.16
2
20
0.32
0
0.32
3
30
0.80
0
0.81
4
40
1.83
0
1.75
5. Calculate the ABCD parameters from the formulae explained above

Users Manual

EXPERIMENT-6
AIM: To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is short circuited with two circuit

PROCESURE
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram

2. Switch on the MCB

3. Apply the voltage at the senders end in equal steps and note down the readings
of Voltmeters and Ammeter at both the ends by keeping the Receiver end short
circuited by shorting the voltmeter at the receiver end.
4. Tabulate the readings as shown in the table below
SENDERS END
RECIEVERS END
Sno
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
1
10
0.09
0
0.10
2
20
0.15
0
0.16
3
30
0.21
0
0.22
4
40
0.30
0
0.31
5. Calculate the ABCD parameters from the formulae explained above

10

Users Manual

EXPERIMENT-7
AIM: To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is short circuited with three circuit

PROCESURE
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram

2. Switch on the MCB

3. Apply the voltage at the senders end in equal steps and note down the readings
of Voltmeters and Ammeter at both the ends by keeping the Receiver end short
circuited by shorting the voltmeter at the receiver end.
4. Tabulate the readings as shown in the table below
SENDERS END
RECIEVERS END
Sno
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
1
10
0.07
0
0.07
2
20
0.11
0
0.12
3
30
0.15
0
0.15
4
40
0.19
0
0.20
5. Calculate the ABCD parameters from the formulae explained above

11

Users Manual

EXPERIMENT-8
AIM: To study the ABCD Parameters when one end is short circuited with four circuit
PROCESURE
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram

2. Switch on the MCB

3. Apply the voltage at the senders end in equal steps and note down the readings
of Voltmeters and Ammeter at both the ends by keeping the Receiver end short
circuited by shorting the voltmeter at the receiver end.
4. Tabulate the readings as shown in the table below
SENDERS END
RECIEVERS END
Sno
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
1
10
0.07
0
0.07
2
20
0.09
0
0.10
3
30
0.12
0
0.13
4
40
0.14
0
0.16
5. Calculate the ABCD parameters from the formulae explained above

LIST OF ACCESSORIES
1.

Patch cord ........................................................................................................01 set

2.

Operating Manual.................................................................................................................... 01 No

12