Three Major Phases of a CNC Program
Phase 1 - Program Setup
% (Program start flag)
: 1001 (Four digit program number)
N5 G90 G20 (Absolute units, inches)
N5 G91 G21/G71 (Incremental units, Metric Units)
N10 M06 T2 (Stop for tool change, use tool # 2)
N15 M03 S1200 (Turn the spindle on CW to 1200 rpm)
(OR)
Phase 2 Material Removal
N20 G00 X1 Y1 (Rapid to X1, Y1 from origin point)
N25 Z0.125 (Rapid down to Z0.125)
N30 G01 Z-0.125 F5 (Feed down to Z-0.125 at 5 ipm)
N35 G01 X2 Y2 (Feed diagonally to X2, Y2)
N40 G00 Z1 (Rapid up to Z1)
N45 X0 Y0 (Rapid to X0, Y0)
Phase 3 System Shutdown
N50 M05 (Turn the spindle off)
N55 M30 (End of program)
Block Format
N135 G01 X1.0 Y1.0 Z0.125 F5
Preparatory Function (G Codes)
A 2-digit number following address G determines the meaning of the command of the
block concerned. The G codes are divided into the following two types:
TYPES
One shot G codes
Model G codes
MEANING
The G codes is effective only at the block in which it was specified
The G codes is effective until another g code in the same group is
commanded
NOTE ON G CODES
Maximum spindle speed setting (G50) is valid when the constant surface speed control
(option) is provided
The G codes are marked * are set when the power is turned ON
The G codes in group 00 are not modal. They are effective only in the block in which they
are specified.
A number of G codes can be specified in a block even if they do not belong to the same
group. When a number of G codes of the same group are specified, G code specified last
is effective
All the G codes may not apply to each machine
G codes
G Code
G00
Group
1
Function
Positioning (Rapid Transverse)
G01
Linear Interpolation (Feed)
G02
Circular Interpolation (CW)
G03
G04
G20
1
0
6
Circular Interpolation (CCW)
Dwell
Inch Data Input
G21
G28
G32
G40
6
9
1
7
Metric Data Input
Reference Point Return
Thread Cutting
Tool nose radius compensation cancel
G41
Tool nose radius compensation left
G42
G50
G70
7
0
4
Tool nose radius compensation right
Word co-ord. Change / Max. Spindle speed setting
Finishing cycle
G71
G72
4
0
Stock removal in turning
Stock removal in facing
G73
Pattern repeating
G74
Peck drilling in Z axis
G75
Grooving in X axis
G76
G90
0
1
Thread cutting cycle
Cutting cycle A
G92
Thread cutting cycle
G94
G96
1
2
Cutting cycle B
Constant surface speed control
G97
G98
2
11
Constant surface speed control cancel
Feed per minute
G99
11
Feed per revolution
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION (M CODES)
M Codes are instructions describing miscellaneous functions like calling the Tool,
Spindle rotation, Coolant ON etc
.
M-CODES
FUNCTIONS
MOO
Program Stop
MO1
Optional Stop
MO2
Program end
MO3
Spindale Forward(CW)
MO4
Spindale Forward (CCW)
MO5
Spindle stop
MO6
Tool change
MO8
Coolant ON
M09
Coolant OFF
M10
Chuck Open
M11
Chuck close
M62
Output1 ON
M63
Output 2 ON
M64
Output 1OFF
M65
Output 2OFF
M66
Wait input 1 ON
M67
Wait input 2 ON
M76
Wait input 1 OFF
M77
Wait input 2 OFF
M98
Sup program Call
M99
Sup program Exit
Program build-up for CNC Lathe (FANUC)
CNC program can be divided into 3 parts
Start-up
Body
End of program
Start-up of CNC program
O1000
[BILLET X20 Z60
G21/G20 G98/G99 G40
G50 S1800
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03/M04 S1000
G00 X21 Z1
EXPLANATION
O1000
[BILLET X20 Z60
G21/G20 G98/G99 G40
G50 S1800
G28 U0 W0
M06
T0101
M03/M04 S1000
G00 X21 Z1
While writing a program on FANUC controller first line has to be
started with letter O followed by four digit number which specifies
the program name
This directive is used only for simulation purpose. It defines the work
piece dimensions as 60mm long and 20mm in diameter.
G21 This code specifies that program is done in metric units
Or
G20 This code specifies that program is done in imperial units
G98 Gives the unit of feed in mm/minute
Or
G99 give the unit of feed in mm/revolution
G40 Compensation cancel
Clamps the spindle speed at 1800 rpm
Make the tool to go to home position. U & W are secondary
movements about X and Z axis
Tool change
The first two digit specify the tool position in the turret and last two
digits denotes the tool offset number
M03 Makes the spindle rotate in clockwise direction
M04 Makes the spindle to rotate in counter-clockwise direction
S1000 Spindle rotates at 1000rpm
G00 Gives rapid position of the tool to a point X21 Z1
Body of the program
This is dealt operation wise in the succeeding pages.
End of program
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
EXPLANATION
G28 U0 W0
M05
M02/M30
Make the tool to go to home position. U & W are secondary movements
about X and Z axis
Stop the spindle rotation
M02 Optional stop
M30 Program stop and rewind
METAL CUTTING PARAMETERS FOR STAR TURN LATHE
BILLET MATERIAL: ALUMINIUM/STEEL etc.
Operations
TURNING
GROOVING
THREADING
Speed
rpm
1000 - 2500 (up to
max. of machine
spec.)
600 - 800(up to max.
of machine spec.)
300 - 3530(up to max.
of machine spec.)
Feed
mm/min.
Depth of cut
Mm
45 55(up to max. of
machine spec.)
0.5 1.0(up to max.
of machine spec.)
15- 25(up to max. of
machine spec.)
0.25 0.5(up to max.
of machine spec.)
0.03-0.04(up to max.
of machine spec.)
