TITLE PAGE

Civil Design Basis

Contents

Chapter

Title

1.

Introduction

2.

General

3.

Codes and Standards

4.

Material Specification

5.

Loads

6.

Environmental Conditions

7.

Load Combinations

8.

Analysis

9.

Nominal Cover to Reinforcement Including Links

10.

Method of Design

11.

Design Basis

12.

Roads and Paving

13.

Design of Masonry works

Page

Civil Design Basis

1. Introduction
This document forms the Engineering Design Basis for Civil & Structural Works. The contents of these
documents form the guideline for engineering and to provide information to the other disciplines concerned.

2. General
2.1

Customer

2.2

Plant

2.3

Location

3. Codes and Standards

3.1

Brick, Hollow Block and Bituminous Compounds

IS-1077 : 1992

Common burnt clay building bricks

IS-2212 : 1991

Brick work

IS-4860 : 1968

Acid Resistant Bricks

IS-2185
Part I : 2005

:
:

Cement Concrete Block

Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks

Part II : 1983

Hollow and solid light weight concrete blocks

Part III : 1984

Autoclaved cellular Aerated concrete blocks

IS-4457 : 1982

Ceramic Unglazed Vitreous Acid Resisting Tiles

IS-1346 : 1991

Water Proofing of Roof using Bitumen felts

IS-1580 : 1991

Bituminous Compounds for waterproofing and caulking

purposes

IS-4365 : 1967

Application of Bitumen Mastic

IS-7198 : 1974

Damp proofing using bitumen felts

IS-9510 : 1980

Bitumen Mastic - A.R. Grade

3.2

Cement and Fine & Coarse Aggregates

Civil Design Basis

IS-12269 : 1987

53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) IS-

455 : 1989

Portland Slag Cement

Part I

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) fly ash based

Part II

PPC Calcined clay based.

IS-8112 : 1989

43 grade Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) IS-

12330 : 1988

Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement

IS-383 : 1970

Coarse and Fine aggregate

IS-456 : 2000

Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS-458 : 1988

Pre-cast concrete pipes

IS-2645 : 1975

Integral cement waterproofing compounds

Design of Liquid retaining structures

IS-4971 : 1968

Industrial floor finishes

IS-4990 : 1993

Plywood for concrete shuttering work

IS-1893 - Part I : 2002

Earthquake resistant design of structures

IS-4326 : 1993

Code of practice for earthquake resistant design & construction of

building.

IS-13920 : 1993

Ductility detailing of RCC Structure subjected to seismic forces

IS-800 : 1984

General Construction in Steel.

IS-806 : 1968

Use of Steel tubes in general building construction.

IS-1489 : 1991

3.3

Concrete Design

IS-3370
Part I : 2009
Part II : 2009
Part III : 1967
Part IV : 1967

3.4

Steel Design

IS-1363 : 2002

Hexagon Head Bolts, Screws and Nuts of Product Grade `C' Part I :
Hexagon Head Bolts (Size Range M 5 to M 64)

Part II

Hexagon Head Screws (Size Range M 5 to M 64) Part

III

Hexagon Nuts (Size Range M 5 to M 64)

IS-1364 : 2002

Part I

Hexagon Head Bolts, Screws and Nuts of Product Grades A

and B
Hexagon Head Bolts (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64) Part II
Hexagon Head Screws (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64) Part III

Civil Design Basis

Hexagon Nuts, Style 1 (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64)
Part IV

Hexagon Thin Nuts (Chamfered) (Size Range M1.6 to M64)

Part V

Hexagon Thin Nuts - Product Grade B (Unchamfered) (Size

Range M 1.6 to M 10)

Part VI

Hexagon Nuts, Style 2

IS-2062 : 2006

Steel for general structural purpose IS-

4000 : 1992

High strength bolt in steel structures IS-

5624 : 1993

Foundation Bolts

IS-1080 : 1985

Design and Construction of shallow foundation on soils

IS-6403 : 1981

Determination of bearing capacity on shallow foundations.

IS-8009

Code of Practice for Calculation of Settlements of Foundations

3.5

Foundation Engineering

Part I : 1976

Shallow Foundations Subjected to Symmetrical Static Vertical

Loads

Part II : 1980

Deep Foundations Subjected to Symmetrical Static Vertical

Loading

IS-2911 Part I:1979

Design and Construction of Pile Foundation

in-Situ Piles)

IS-2911 Part IV :1985

Load Test on Piles.

3.6

(Bored Cast

Reinforcement

IS-1786 : 1985

High strength deformed steel bars

IS-2502 : 1963

Bending and fixing of bars for concrete reinforcement

IS-5525 : 1969

Recommendation for detailing of reinforcement in concrete

works.

Code of practice for Design loads.

3.7

Loading Standards

IS-875 Part I to V : 1987

IS15498 : 2004

3.8

Guidelines for improving the cyclonic resistance of low rise

buildings and other Buildings and Structures

Design Aids

SP-7 : 1983

National Building Code of India

SP-16 : 1980

Design aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS-456

SP-34 : 1987

Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing

SP-38

Handbook of typified design for structures with steel roof

trusses.

Civil Design Basis

3.9

IRC - Code

IRC:6 : 2000

Loading

IRC:15 : 2002

Code of practice for construction of RCC Paving.

IRC:58 : 1988

Design of Rigid pavement for Highway.

Latest revisions of IS codes will be used for engineering purpose.

4. Material Specification
4.1

Minimum Concrete Grade

Footing / Equipment foundation/Piles/Pile Caps

fc :

M-30

Plinth beams / Cable trenches

fc :

M-25

Super structure

fc :

M-25

Water retaining structure

fc :

M-30

Grade slabs

fc :

M-25

PCC for wall footing

fc :

M-10

Lean concrete below RCC Footings

(100 mm thickness)

fc :

M-10

fy :

415 N/mm & 500 N/mm

fy :

250 N/mm2

4.2

Reinforcement Bars

High tensile bars conforming to IS 1786

4.3

Structural Steel

Structural steel

4.4

Cement

Sulphate Resistant cement shall be used for sub-structure & Ordinary Portland cement shall be used for super structure.

Civil Design Basis

5. Loads
5.1

Dead Load

Plain concrete

24 kN/cu.m.

Reinforced cement concrete with normal aggregate

25 kN/cu.m.

Brick walls with plaster

22 kN/cu.m.

Aerated concrete blocks

10 kN/cu.m.

Solid concrete block with plaster

24 kN/cu.m.

Structural steel / cheq. plate/grating

78.5 kN/cu.m.

Rubble masonry

26 kN/cu.m.

Cement Mortar / concrete screed 100mm thick over

floors

2.4 kN/sq.m.

Cement based water proofing over roof slab avg. 150 thk
including brickbat coba.

3.5 kN/sq.m.

Floor finish up to 50mm thick

1.25kN/sq.m.

G.I Sheet roofing

0.13 kN/sq.m.

AC Sheet roofing

0.12 kN/sq.m.

False Celing ( including mechanical / Electric cables in

Office areas)
Toilets (European Water Closets are considered) raised by
200 mm.

1.0 kN/Sq.m ( Can be taken as nil if Live load is taken as

5.0kN/m2)
0.2 * 19.2 = 3.84 kN/m ~ 3.90 kN/m

Civil Design Basis

5.2

Live Load

Add floor wise live load as per IS 875.

Apart from the specified live load, any other equipment load or the actual loads of the equipment/panels or weight
of contents/water inside equipment/vessel or possible overloading during construction/maintenance shall also be
considered in the design.
5.3

Impact & Vibratory Loads

5.4

Traffic Load

Roads / culverts
on trenches across roads

:
:

IRC Class - AA Loading Precast cover

IRC Class - AA Loading Trench and pit covers

installed flush with paving shall be designed for wheel load as above.

5.5

Other Loads

Any other relevant stresses imparted to the structure due to variation in daily and seasonal temperature, water
table, erection and maintenance loads, creep, shrinkage etc. considered as applicable.

6. Environmental Conditions
6.1

Rainfall

Maximum annual rainfall

1000 mm

Maximum rainfall in 24 hrs.

400 mm

Maximum Intensity of rainfall

(For SW Drain Design)

100 mm/hr.

6.2

Exposure Condition

6.3

Wind (As per IS-875

Moderate (As per Clause No. 8.2.2 of IS 456)

Location

Basic wind speed

Risk coefficient (k1)

Terrain, Height & Structural Size factor (k2)

Civil Design Basis

Topography Factor (k3)

Cyclonic factor

Earthquake (As per IS: 1893)

6.4

Zone

The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah shall be as follows: Ah :

Where Z

Sa
g

Civil Design Basis

7. Load Combinations
7.1

7.2

Load combination for design of steel structures (Working stress

method)
7.1.1

1.0DL + 1.0LL

7.1.2

1.0DL + 1.0LL 1.0WLx

7.1.3

1.0DL + 1.0LL 1.0WLz

7.1.4

1.0DL 1.0WLx

7.1.5

1.0DL 1.0WLz

7.1.6

1.0DL + 1.0LL 1.0ELx

7.1.7

1.0DL + 1.0LL 1.0ELz

7.1.8

1.0DL 1.0ELx

7.1.9

1.0DL 1.0ELz

Load combination for design of RCC structures (Limit state)

7.2.1

1.5DL + 1.5LL

7.2.2

1.2DL + 1.2LL 1.2WLx

7.2.3

1.2DL + 1.2LL 1.2WLz

7.2.4

1.5DL 1.5WLx

7.2.5

1.5DL 1.5WLz

7.2.6

1.2DL + 1.2LL 1.2ELx

7.2.7

1.2DL + 1.2LL 1.2ELz

7.2.8

1.5DL 1.5ELx

7.2.9

1.5DL 1.5ELz

7.2.10

0.9DL 1.5ELx

7.2.11

0.9DL 1.5ELz

Civil Design Basis

7.2.12

0.9DL 1.5WLx

7.2.13

0.9DL 1.5WLz
( X & Z denotes horizontal directions)

8. Analysis
All structures are analysed by stiffness method using Staad Pro software package.

9. Nominal Cover to Reinforcement

Including Links
9.1

Footing

Pile Foundation

Bottom

50 mm

Sides

50mm

Pile

50mm

Pile cap

50mm

9.2

Columns & Pedestals

Sides

40 mm

9.3

Beam

Bottom

30 mm

Top

30 mm

Sides

30 mm

9.4

Slab

Bottom / Top

25 mm ( Table-16 Note-2 IS456 :2000)

9.5

For water retaining structure

Bottom Raft

50 mm (Bottom)

Wall contact with soil face

50 mm

Wall contact with liquid face

30 mm

Top Slab

30 mm (Bottom)
35mm (top) ( Table-16 Note-2
IS-456 :2000)

Civil Design Basis

10. Method of Design

RCC footings ,Piles & Pile Caps

Limit state Design

RCC columns

Limit State Design

RCC floor beams/tie beam, slabs and Walls

Limit State Design

Equipment foundation.

Limit state Design

Structural steel columns and beams

Working stress Roof

trusses

Working stress

RCC water retaining structures

Working Stress with Uncracked sections

Retaining walls

Working stress

11. Design Basis

11.1

Foundations

11.1.1

Net safe bearing capacity of soil

11.1.2

Types of Foundation
For buildings and structures
For equipments

As per Geotechnical Report

:
:

Pile foundation / Isolated spread foundation

Pile foundation / Isolated spread foundation

Boundary Wall
11.1.3

11.1.4

11.1.5

Open foundation

Allowable increase in soil bearing capacity in event of

- Wind

25%

- Earthquake

25%

- Overturning

1.4

- Sliding

1.4

- Buoyancy

1.1

Factor of safety against

As a general rule following features will be adopted, unless decided otherwise in a specific or exceptional case:
11.1.5.1

Top of footing will be horizontal and flat.

11.1.5.2

Minimum depth of footings shall be as s per Geotechnical Report

11.1.6 Pile Load Capacities

Civil Design Basis

11.1.6.1 Bored cast-in-situ piles
Load carrying Capacity of Bored cast-in-situ piles shall be as per Geotechnical report based on location of pile.

11.2
11.2.1

11.2.2

Pipe racks
Materials of Construction
11.2.1.1

Pile foundations and column/pedestals

11.2.1.2

RCC for pipe sleepers

11.2.1.3

Steel for superstructure

Loads
11.2.2.1

Vertical Load
Vertical load due to piping and cables shall be assumed as per data provided by the piping,
electrical and instrumentation departments after due study and discussions and shall be considered as a
part of dead load.

11.2.2.2

Longitudinal forces
Frictional forces shall be assumed as 0.15 times the maximum operating vertical loads. Wind loads
shall be calculated as per IS: 875.

11.2.2.3

Lateral / Transverse forces

Lateral anchor forces shall be assumed as per data provided by the piping department. Lateral wind
forces shall be estimated as per IS: 875.

11.2.2.4

All the foundation and independent supporting structure for vibrating machines shall be design in
accordance with IS:2974

11.3

Liquid Retaining Structures

11.3.1

Allowable stress in concrete for un cracked section for M30 grade in Direct Tension (st)1.5 N/Sq.mm & 2.0
N/Sq.mm Tension due to bending (cbt)

11.3.2

Allowable stress in steel Fe 415 = 130 N/sq.mm. (For Tensile stress in member Under direct Tension ,Bending & Shear ) &
140 N/sq.mm. (Compressive stress in column under subjected to direct load) As per IS-3370:2009 Part -2
Table-4 ).

11.4

Storm Water Drain

Storm water drain shall be designed for a maximum rainfall intensity of 100 mm/hr.

11.4.1

Surface runoff

Qr =

Where:

11.4.1.1

R = Maximum Rainfall intensity in mm3/hr

P = Run off co-efficient
A = Catchment area in sq.m.
Run off co-efficient for various surfaces are as follows : For
building roof

: 1.0

P x R x A cu.m/sec.
3600 x 1000

Civil Design Basis

11.4.1.2

For paved areas

: 1.0

For roads and drains

: 1.0

For paved areas

: 0.8

For undeveloped areas

: 0.6

Minimum Velocity for Drain design: 0.6m/s

Maximum velocity for Drain Design : 2.4m/s
Minimum width of the drain shall be 300mm
All RC hume pipe crossing the roads for storm water drainage shall be NP3 Class pipes conforming to IS 458

Steel Structures

11.5

All structural steel work such as Design, fabrication and erection shall be carried out in accordance with
IS 800, IS 806, IS 814 & IS 816,IS 2062.

11.5.1

Permissible Stresses
(i)

Permissible stresses in structural members shall be as per IS 800-1984, IS 801, & IS 806. (ii)
Permissible stresses in bolts shall be as per IS 800-1984 & IS 801

(iii)

11.5.2

Permissible stresses in welds shall be as per IS 816, IS 814 & IS 801.

Permissible Vertical Deflection: Shall be:

(i)

Gantry girder for electric overhead crane (up to 50T capacity)

- Span/750

(ii)

Gantry girder for electric overhead crane (over 50T capacity)

- Span/1000

(iii)

Gantry girder for manually operated crane

- Span/500

(iv)

Girder/ Beam for supporting dynamic equipment/hoist

(v)

Grating/ Chequered plate ( Two way)

(vi)

Purlins & Girts for Live Load/ Wind Load (elastic cladding)

(vii)

Rafter supporting Profiled Metal Sheeting under Live load /wind load Span / 180

11..5.3

Span/450
- Short Span/300
- Span/150

(Table 13.6 Arya Azmani)

IS:800 -2007 (Table-6)
IS:800 -2007 (Table-6)

Permissible Horizontal Deflection: Shall be height/325 for multi-storeyed structure/building.

All the structural steel will be painted with one coat of red oxide paint and two coats of superior quality synthetic enamel
paint. Cold rolled sections will be painted with Zinc chromate red oxide paint and two coats of superior quality synthetic
enamel paint. (One coat before erection and another coat after erection at site).

11.6

Criteria for Expansion Joint

For R.C.C Structure: - IS: 456-2000 Cl 27.2 ( At Expansion joint twin column with column on common footing )
For Steel Structure: - IS: 875-1984 Cl 3.14
For Liquid Retaining Structures: - IS: 3370-2009 Cl 10

Civil Design Basis

12. Roads and Paving

12.1

Normally all roads shall be asphalted (bitumen macadam) over W.B.M layer on suitable sub base.
Main roads shall be 6.0m wide

12.2

All paved areas shall be in concrete mix M15(1:2:4) with suitable base course.

12.3

All drain to be in masonry with open top.

13. Design of Masonry works

13.1

All masonry works shall be designed in accordance with IS 1905, IS 2212, IS 1077 IS 1597 & IS
4326

13.2

All brick masonry walls shall be built with 1st class good quality Bricks having minimum crushing strength
of each unit not be less than 3.5 kN/mm2, in cement mortar 1:6.

13.3

All external brick walls shall be constructed in 1:5 cement mortars.

13.4

All partition walls shall be 115 mm thick and constructed in 1:4 cement mortar with two numbers of 8
mm dia bars provided at every fourth course properly anchored with cross walls or pillars.

13.5

All block masonry shall be in accordance with IS 2185 Part I, II & III.