Answers
14
Exercises
1 (a) 27.8ms1
(b) 5.6ms1
2 (a) 4.2ms1
(b) 0ms1
s, v, a
Chapter 2
(c) 4.2ms1 (minus (d) 90m
sign indicates
travelling south)
t
v
3 22.4ms1, 26.6
4 4.1ms1 , direction is 14 W of S
5 31.6ms1
6 49ms
15
velocity = zero
displacement
A
7 30ms1
8 40m
negative gradient
9 3.6ms1
B
10 4s
time
time
velocity
11 125m, 2.5ms2
12 15m
s, v, a
13
16
S
constant gradient
The displacement graph is quadratic in the first
and last sections, and linear in between.
V
17 78m
18 (a) 30
(b) 17.3m
19 5m
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20 39.6m
40 97.7m
21 (a) 10N to the right
41 (a) 1300J
(b)
5.8N 31 above the horizontal, to the right
42 0J
22 (a) 40N
43 300J
(b) 69N
23 (a) 74N to the left
44 (a) 2cm
(b)
45N63.4 above the horizontal,
to the right
24 (a) 4N down slope
(b) 4N, 37.6
25 (a) F1 = 8.49N
(b)
F2 = 17.3N,
F3 = 50N
26 (a) F = T sin 30
(b) 10 = T cos 30
(c) 11.5N (d)
5.8N
27 (a) F = 50 sin 30
(b) 50 cos 30 = N
(c) F = 25N, N = 43.3N
29 3Ns
30 4.02Ns
31 6.7ms2
32 997.5N
4N
2 cm
4 cm
(d) 4J (e)
12J
45 1950J
(b) 12.5J
48 (a) 0.75J
(b) 0.75m
49 (a) 0.2m
(b) 0.8m
50 (a) 1.96kJ
(b) 4.36kJ
51 (a) 3.86 105J
(b) 6.43 105J
(c) 1.8 102l
(b) 33N
52 (a) 1.25 104J
(b) 6.25 105J
(c) 0.1ms1
34 2ms2
53 (a) 10.83ms1
35 682.5N
(b) 150ms2
37 (a) force on gas = force on rocket
(b) force on water = force on boat
(c) force on body = force on board
(d) water exerts unbalanced force on ball, so
ball exerts force on water; reading increases
(b) 1ms1
(c) 0.85ms1
39 (a) 0.875Ns
8N
(c) 1cm
(c) 1728N
38 (a) 9ms1
47 (a) 12.5J
(b) T sin 80 = T sin 80
36 (a) 40N
(c)
(b) 4N
46 32ms1
28 (a) 2T cos 80 = 600N
33 (a) 3.3ms2
(b) dog
(b) 521.3J
54 velocities swap
55 800W
56 1000W
57 20kW
58 50%
59 42kJ
60 (a) 6.67 kW
(b) 11.1kW
(b) 44ms
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(v) c
orrect substitution into
efficiency = power out
Practice questions
power in
1 (a) (i) 18t;[1]
(ii) s =
1
2
4.5 62 = 81m;
[1]
[1]
(b) idea of (a) (i) = (a) (ii) + (a) (iv);
18t = 81 + 27(t 6)
t = 9.0s;
[2]
2 (a) statement that gravitational mass and
inertial mass have the same numerical
value;
understanding of what gravitational mass
means;
e.g. a quantity that determines the
gravitational force on the object
understanding of what inertial mass means;
e.g. a quantity that determines the
acceleration of the object[3]
Accept bald correct answer for full
marks.
Accept bald correct answer for full
marks.
reading on scales
[2]
tension
tension
weight
weight
[3]
(e) a constant value greater than W from 0.00
to 0.50s;
a constant value equal to W from 0.50 to
11.50s;
a constant value less than W from 11.50 to
12.00s;
Accept bald correct answer for full
marks.
(iii) minimum work done = PE gained
(= force distance);
work done = 2500 9.2 = 23000J
= 23kJ;
[2]
= 0.38 = 38%;
(ii) 11.50 to 12.00 s
(ii) total distance travelled by the lift = area
under graph;
distance = (11 0.80) + (0.50 0.80)
[2]
= 8.8 + 0.4 = 9.2m;
(i) 0.50 to 11.50 s
cceleration = gradient of first section
(b) (i) a
of graph;
2
acceleration = 0.80
0.50 = 1.6ms ;[2]
(d) Mark parts (i) and (ii) together.
weight arrow the same in both diagrams;
magnitude of tension (size of arrow) equal
to weight in (i);
magnitude of tension (size of arrow) less
than weight in (ii);
[Total 6 marks]
(c) graphs should show curving or shoulders
at the changes;
since acceleration must be finite / speed
cannot change instantaneously /
OWTTE;[2]
(iii) v = at = 6 4.5 = 27ms1;[1]
(iv) 27(t 6);
1.9
5.0 ;
(iv) correct substitution into
power = work done
time taken
= 1916W
= 1.9kW;
M02_IBPH_SB_IBGLB_9021_ANS.indd 3
0.00
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
time (s)
23000
12 ;
[2]
[3]
3
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(f) [1] for each appropriate and valid point.
Essentially [2] for journey
up and [2] for journey down. Some
explanation or justification is
required for full marks e.g.
the law of conservation of energy does
apply to round trip;
energy is all dissipated into heat and sound;
on the way up, most electrical energy
converted into gravitational PE, initially
some electrical energy is converted into KE;
on the way down electrical energy does
work braking lift, some
(not all) gravitational PE is converted
intoKE;[4]
Reject answers that imply that PE converts
into KE as lift falls.
(b) if the net external force acting on a system
is zero;
then the total momentum of the system is
constant (or in any one direction,
is constant);
[2]
(c)
[Total 25 marks]
3 (a) (i)
h= v ;
2
2g
to give h = 3.2m;
[2]
(ii) 0.80 s;
[1]
(b) time to go from top of cliff to the sea
= 3.0 (2 x 0.8) = 1.4s;
recognize to use s = ut + 12 at2 with correct
substitution,
s = 8.0 1.4 + 5.0 (1.4)2;
to give s = 21m;
[3]
Answers might find the speed with which
the stone hits the sea from v = u + at,
(42ms1) and then use v2 = u2 + 2as.
[Total 6 marks]
4 (a) when two bodies A and B interact, the force
that A exerts on B is equal and opposite to
the force that B exerts on A;
or
when a force acts on a body an equal
and opposite force acts on another body
somewhere in the Universe;
[1]
Award [0] for action and reaction are equal
and opposite unless student explains what
is meant by the terms.
To achieve [2] answers should mention
forces and should show what is meant
by conserved. Award [1] for a definition
such as for a system of colliding bodies,
the momentum is constant and [0] for a
system of colliding bodies, momentum is
conserved.
FB A
FA B
arrows of equal length;
acting through centre of spheres;
correct labelling consistent with correct
direction;[3]
(d) (i) ball B:
change in momentum = mvB;
hence FABt = mvB;[2]
(ii) ball A:
change in momentum = m (vA v);
hence from Newton 2,
FBAt = m(vA v);[2]
(e) from Newton 3, FAB + FBA = 0, or FAB = FBA;
therefore m(vA v) = mvB;
therefore mv = mvB + mvA;
that is, momentum before equals
momentum after collision such that the
net change in momentum is zero
(unchanged) / OWTTE;[4]
Some statement is required to get the
fourth mark, i.e. an interpretation of the
maths result.
(f) from conservation of momentum
v = vB + vA;
from conservation of energy v2 = vB2 + vA2;
if vA = 0, then both these show that vB = v;
4
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(ii) the escalator can in theory return to
the ground under the action of gravity /
OWTTE;[1]
or
from conservation of momentum
v = vB + vA;
from conservation of energy v2 = vB2 + vA2;
so, v2 = (vB + vA) = vB2 + vA2 + 2vAvB therefore
vA has to be zero;
[3]
Answers must show that, effectively, the
only way that both momentum and energy
conservation can be satisfied is that ball
A comes to rest and ball B moves off with
speed v.
[Total 17 marks]
5 (a) mass velocity;
[1]
(b) (i) m
omentum before = 800 5
= 4000Ns;
momentum after = 2000v;
conservation of momentum gives
v = 2.0ms1;[3]
(ii) KE before = 400 25 = 10000J
[2]
(c) transformed/changed into;
heat (internal energy) (and sound);
[2]
Do not accept deformation of trucks.
[Total 8 marks]
6 (a) Note: for part (i) and (ii) the answers in
brackets are those arrived at if
19.3 is used as the value for the height.
eight raised = 30 sin 40 = 19m;
(i) h
gain in PE = mgh = 700 19
= 1.3 104J (1.35 104J);
(ii) 48 1.3 104J = 6.2 105J
(6.5 105J);
[2]
[1]
Pout
Pout
, Pin =
;
Pin
efficiency
efficiency =
Pin = 15kW (16kW);
[Total 9 marks]
7 (a) the total momentum of a system is
constant;
provided external force does not act;
[2]
or
the momentum of an isolated /closed
system;
is constant;
Award [1] for momentum before collision
equals collision afterwards.
(b) (i) initial momentum = 2.0 103 140;
2.0 10 140
final speed =
;
5.6 103 + 2.0 103
1
= 4.8ms [2]
Watch for incorrect mass values in
equation.
3
(ii) initial kinetic energy of pellet + clay
block = 12 mv2;
0.5 0.058 4.82 (= 0.67J);
work done
;
distance travelled
force =
= 0.24N;
60
The location of the friction must be given to
obtain the mark.
[4]
or
(iii) the people stand still / dont walk up
the escalator / their average weight
is 700N / ignore any gain in KE of
the people;
[1]
5
6.2
10
(b) (i) p
ower required =
= 10kW
(11kW);
KE after = 1000 4 = 4000J;
loss in KE = 6000J;
(c) power will be lost owing to friction in the
escalator / OWTTE;[1]
[3]
use of appropriate kinematic equation
with consistent sign usage e.g.
2
2
a= u v ;
2s
4.82 ;
2 2.8
2
F = 0.058 4.8
2 2.8
a=
= 0.24N;
(c) (i) use of kinematic equation to yield time;
t = 2s (= 0.41s);
s = horizontal speed time;
= 1.8m;
[4]
2
Accept g = 10ms ; equivalent answers
1.79 from 9.8, 1.77 from 10.
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(ii)
table
clay block
path
0.85 m
ground
initial drawn velocity horizontal; (judge
by eye) reasonable shape;
horizontal distance moved always
decreasing when compared with given
path / range less than original;
[3]
[Total 15 marks]
Challenge yourself
1 53 m
2 1.7ms1
6
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