Diploma Programme
Mathematics SL formula booklet
For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014
Published March 2012
International Baccalaureate Organization 2012
Mathematical studies SL: Formula booklet
5045
Contents
Prior learning
Topics
Topic 1Algebra
Topic 2Functions and equations
Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry
Topic 4Vectors
Topic 5Statistics and probability
Topic 6Calculus
Mathematics SL formula booklet
Formulae
Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram
Area of a triangle
Area of a trapezium
A buh
1
(b u h)
2
1
( a b) h
2
Area of a circle
A Sr 2
Circumference of a circle
2Sr
1
(area of base u vertical height)
3
Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism)
l u wu h
Volume of a cylinder
Sr 2 h
Area of the curved surface of a cylinder
A 2Srh
Volume of a pyramid
Volume of a sphere
Volume of a cone
4 3
Sr
3
1 2
Sr h
3
Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and
( x2 , y2 , z2 )
Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment
with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 )
x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2
,
,
2
2
2
Mathematics SL formula booklet
( x1 x2 ) 2 ( y1 y2 ) 2 ( z1 z2 ) 2
Topics
Topic 1Algebra
1.1
1.2
The nth term of an
arithmetic sequence
un
u1 (n 1)d
The sum of n terms of an
arithmetic sequence
Sn
n
(2u1 (n 1)d )
2
The nth term of a
geometric sequence
un
u1r n 1
The sum of n terms of a
finite geometric sequence
Sn
u1 (r n 1)
r 1
The sum of an infinite
geometric sequence
Sf
u1
, r 1
1 r
Exponents and logarithms
ax
Laws of logarithms
log c a log c b log c ab
a
log c a log c b log c
b
log c a r r log c a
Change of base
1.3
Binomial coefficient
Binomial theorem
Mathematics SL formula booklet
u1 (1 r n )
, r z1
1 r
x log a b
log c a
log c b
log b a
n
r
n
(u1 un )
2
n!
r ! n r !
( a b) n
n
n
a n a n 1b ! a n r b r ! b n
1
r
Topic 2Functions and equations
2.4
Axis of symmetry of
graph of a quadratic
function
f ( x) ax 2 bx c axis of symmetry x
2.6
Relationships between
logarithmic and
exponential functions
a x e x ln a
log a a x x
Solutions of a quadratic
equation
ax 2 bx c 0
Discriminant
' b 2 4ac
2.7
b
2a
a loga x
b r b 2 4ac
, az0
2a
Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry
3.1
Length of an arc
Area of a sector
l Tr
A
1 2
Tr
2
sin T
cos T
3.2
Trigonometric identity
tan T
3.3
Pythagorean identity
cos 2 T sin 2 T
Double angle formulae
sin 2T
2sin T cos T
cos 2T
cos 2 T sin 2 T
3.6
Cosine rule
Sine rule
Area of a triangle
Mathematics SL formula booklet
c2
2cos 2 T 1 1 2 sin 2 T
a 2 b 2 2ab cos C ; cos C
a
sin A
A
b
sin B
a 2 b2 c2
2ab
c
sin C
1
ab sin C
2
Topic 4Vectors
4.1
Magnitude of a vector
4.2
Scalar product
4.3
v12 v2 2 v32
v
vw
v w cos T
vw
v1w1 v2 w2 v3 w3
vw
v w
Angle between two
vectors
cos T
Vector equation of a line
r = a + tb
Topic 5Statistics and probability
5.2
Mean of a set of data
fx
i i
i 1
n
i 1
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Probability of an event A
n( A)
n(U )
P( A)
Complementary events
P( A) P( Ac) 1
Combined events
P( A B ) P( A) P( B) P( A B)
Mutually exclusive events
P( A B ) P( A) P( B)
Conditional probability
P(A B ) P(A) P(B | A)
Independent events
P( A B ) P( A) P( B )
Expected value of a discrete E( X )
random variable X
Binomial distribution
x P( X
X ~ B(n, p ) P( X
Mean
E( X ) np
Variance
Var( X ) np (1 p )
Standardized normal
variable
Mathematics SL formula booklet
x)
n
r ) p r (1 p) n r , r
r
0,1, !, n
xP
Topic 6Calculus
f ( x h) f ( x )
f c( x) lim
h o0
h
6.1
Derivative of f ( x)
6.2
Derivative of x n
f ( x)
Derivative of sin x
f ( x) sin x
f c( x) cos x
Derivative of cos x
f ( x) cos x
f c( x) sin x
Derivative of tan x
dy
dx
f ( x)
f c( x) nx n 1
xn
f c( x) e x
Derivative of e x
f ( x) e x
Derivative of ln x
f ( x) ln x
Chain rule
Product rule
dy
dx
y uv
Quotient rule
u
v
6.4
6.6
sin x C
dx e x C
Volume of revolution
V
about the x-axis from x = a
to x = b
Mathematics SL formula booklet
ln x C , x ! 0
cos x dx
x
d y du
u
du d x
du
dv
u
dx
dx
v2
cos x C
Total distance travelled
from t1 to t 2
dy
dx
dv
du
v
dx
dx
sin x dx
e
Area under a curve
between x = a and x = b
1
x
x n 1
C , n z 1
n 1
n
x dx
x dx
6.5
dy
dx
Standard integrals
f c( x)
f ( x)
g (u ) , u
1
cos 2 x
f c( x)
tan x
f ( x)
y dx
y 2 Gx
distance
t2
t1
v(t ) dt
Mathematics SL formula booklet
