Diploma Programme
Mathematics SL formula booklet
For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014
Edited in 2015 (version 2)
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2012 5045
Contents
Prior learning 2
Topics 3
Topic 1—Algebra 3
Topic 2—Functions and equations 4
Topic 3—Circular functions and trigonometry 4
Topic 4—Vectors 5
Topic 5—Statistics and probability 5
Topic 6—Calculus 6
Mathematics SL formula booklet 1
Formulae
Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram A b h
1
Area of a triangle A (b h)
2
1
Area of a trapezium A ( a b) h
2
Area of a circle A r2
Circumference of a circle C 2 r
1
Volume of a pyramid V (area of base vertical height)
3
Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism) V l w h
Volume of a cylinder V r 2h
Area of the curved surface of a cylinder A 2 rh
4 3
Volume of a sphere V r
3
1 2
Volume of a cone V r h
3
Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and d ( x1 x2 ) 2 ( y1 y2 ) 2 ( z1 z2 ) 2
( x2 , y2 , z2 )
Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2
with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) , ,
2 2 2
Mathematics SL formula booklet 2
Topics
Topic 1—Algebra
1.1 The nth term of an un u1 (n 1) d
arithmetic sequence
The sum of n terms of an n n
arithmetic sequence Sn 2u1 (n 1) d (u1 un )
2 2
The nth term of a un u1r n 1
geometric sequence
The sum of n terms of a u1 (r n 1) u1 (1 r n )
finite geometric sequence Sn , r 1
r 1 1 r
The sum of an infinite u1
geometric sequence S , r 1
1 r
1.2 Exponents and logarithms ax b x log a b
Laws of logarithms log c a log c b log c ab
a
log c a log c b log c
b
r
log c a r log c a
log c a
Change of base log b a
log c b
1.3 n n!
Binomial coefficient
r r !(n r )!
n n1 n nr r
Binomial theorem ( a b) n an a b a b bn
1 r
Mathematics SL formula booklet 3
Topic 2—Functions and equations
2.4 Axis of symmetry of graph b
of a quadratic function f ( x) ax 2 bx c axis of symmetry x
2a
2.6 Relationships between a x e x ln a
logarithmic and
exponential functions
log a a x x a loga x
2.7 Solutions of a quadratic
b b 2 4ac
equation ax 2 bx c 0 x , a 0
2a
Discriminant b2 4ac
Topic 3—Circular functions and trigonometry
3.1 Length of an arc l r
1 2
Area of a sector A r
2
3.2 sin
Trigonometric identity tan
cos
3.3 Pythagorean identity cos 2 sin 2 1
Double angle formulae sin 2 2sin cos
cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 2cos 2 1 1 2 si n 2
3.6 a2 b2 c2
Cosine rule c2 a2 b2 2ab cos C ; cos C
2ab
a b c
Sine rule
sin A sin B sin C
1
Area of a triangle A ab sin C
2
Mathematics SL formula booklet 4
Topic 4—Vectors
4.1
Magnitude of a vector v v12 v2 2 v32
4.2 Scalar product v w v w cos
v w v1w1 v2 w2 v3 w3
Angle between two v w
cos
vectors v w
4.3 Vector equation of a line r = a + tb
Topic 5—Statistics and probability
5.2 Mean of a set of data n
fi xi
i 1
x n
fi
i 1
5.5 n ( A)
Probability of an event A P ( A)
n (U )
Complementary events P ( A) P ( A ) 1
5.6 Combined events P(A B ) P ( A) P ( B) P ( A B)
Mutually exclusive events P(A B ) P ( A) P ( B)
Conditional probability P(A B ) P (A) P (B | A)
Independent events P(A B ) P ( A) P ( B)
5.7 Expected value of a E(X ) x P(X x)
discrete random variable X x
5.8 n r
Binomial distribution X ~ B(n , p ) P(X r) p (1 p ) n r , r 0,1, ,n
r
Mean E ( X ) np
Variance Var ( X ) np (1 p )
5.9 Standardized normal x
variable z
Mathematics SL formula booklet 5
Topic 6—Calculus
6.1 dy f ( x h) f ( x)
Derivative of f ( x) y f ( x) f ( x) lim
dx h 0 h
6.2 Derivative of x n f ( x) xn f ( x) nx n 1
Derivative of sin x f ( x) sin x f ( x) cos x
Derivative of cos x f ( x) cos x f ( x) sin x
1
Derivative of tan x f ( x) tan x f ( x)
cos 2 x
Derivative of e x f ( x) e x f ( x) e x
1
Derivative of ln x f ( x) ln x f ( x)
x
dy dy du
Chain rule y g (u ) , u f ( x)
dx du dx
dy dv du
Product rule y uv u v
dx dx dx
du dv
v u
Quotient rule
u dy dx dx
y
v dx v2
6.4 Standard integrals
xn 1
x n dx C, n 1
n 1
1
dx ln x C , x 0
x
sin x dx cos x C
cos x dx sin x C
e x dx e x C
6.5 Area under a curve b
between x = a and x = b A y dx
a
Volume of revolution b
V y2 x
about the x-axis from x = a a
to x = b
6.6 Total distance travelled t2
distance v(t ) dt
from t1 to t 2 t1
Mathematics SL formula booklet 6
