Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1
Advanced/Advanced Subsidiary

Monday 1 February 2016 Afternoon

Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Paper Reference

WDM01/01

You must have:

D1 Answer Book

Candidates may use any calculator allowed by the regulations of the

Joint Council for Qualifications. Calculators must not have the facility
for symbolic algebra manipulation, differentiation and integration, or
have retrievable mathematical formulae stored in them.

Instructions

black ink or ball-point pen.

Use
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
Coloured pencils and highlighter pens must not be used.
Fill in the boxes on the top of the answer book with your name,
centre
number and candidate number.
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
clearly
labelled.
Answer
the questions in the D1 answer book provided
there may
be more space than you need.
You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear. Answers
without
working may not gain full credit.
When
a
calculator
degree of accuracy.is used, the answer should be given to an appropriate
Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
Information
The total mark for this paper is 75.
The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice

each question carefully before you start to answer it.

Read
Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.

P48000A
2016 Pearson Education Ltd.

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Write your answers in the D1 answer book for this paper.

1.
A

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 1 shows the possible allocations of six workers, A, B, C, D, E and F, to six

tasks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Figure 2 shows an initial matching.
(a) Starting from this initial matching, use the maximum matching algorithm to find an improved
matching. You must list the alternating path used and state your improved matching.
(2)
(b) Explain why it is not possible to find a complete matching.
(1)
Now, exactly one worker may be trained so that a complete matching becomes possible.
Either worker A can be trained to do task 1 or worker E can be trained to do task 4.
(c) Decide which worker, A or E, should be trained. Give a reason for your answer.
(2)
You may now assume that the worker you identified in (c) has been trained.
(d) Starting from the improved matching found in (a), use the maximum matching algorithm to
find a complete matching. You must list the alternating path used and state your complete
matching.
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

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2.

Kruskals algorithm finds a minimum spanning tree for a connected graph with n vertices.
(a) Explain the terms
(i) connected graph,
(ii) tree,
(iii) spanning tree.
(3)
(b) Write down, in terms of n, the number of arcs in the minimum spanning tree.
(1)
The table below shows the lengths, in km, of a network of roads between seven
villages, A, B, C, D, E, F and G.
A

17

19

30

17

21

23

21

27

29

31

22

19

23

27

40

30

29

33

25

31

40

33

39

22

25

39

(c) Complete the drawing of the network on Diagram 1 in the answer book by adding the necessary
arcs from vertex C together with their weights.
(2)
(d) Use Kruskals algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree for the network. You should list the
arcs in the order that you consider them. In each case, state whether you are adding the arc to
your minimum spanning tree.
(3)
(e) State the weight of the minimum spanning tree.
(1)
(Total 10 marks)

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3.

12.1

9.3

15.7

10.9

17.4

6.4

20.1

7.9

8.1

14.0

(a) Use the first-fit bin packing algorithm to determine how the numbers listed above can be
packed into bins of size 33
(3)
The list is to be sorted into descending order.
(b) (i) Starting at the left-hand end of the list, perform two passes through the list using a bubble
sort. Write down the state of the list that results at the end of each pass.
(ii) Write down the total number of comparisons and the total number of swaps performed
during your two passes.
(4)
(c) Use a quick sort on the original list to obtain a fully sorted list in descending order. You must
make your pivots clear.
(4)
(d) Use the first-fit decreasing bin packing algorithm to determine how the numbers listed can be
packed into bins of size 33
(3)
(e) Determine whether your answer to (d) uses the minimum number of bins. You must justify
your answer.
(1)
(Total 15 marks)

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4.

15
K

25
J

17

B
2

13

21

9
5

24

16

15

10
E

Figure 3
[The total weight of the network is 196]
Figure 3 models a network of roads. The number on each edge gives the time, in minutes, taken to
travel along that road. Oliver wishes to travel by road from A to K as quickly as possible.
(a) Use Dijkstras algorithm to find the shortest time needed to travel from A to K. State the
quickest route.
(6)
On a particular day Oliver must travel from B to K via A.
(b) Find a route of minimal time from B to K that includes A, and state its length.
(2)
Oliver needs to travel along each road to check that it is in good repair. He wishes to minimise the
total time required to traverse the network.
(c) Use the route inspection algorithm to find the shortest time needed. You must state all
combinations of edges that Oliver could repeat, making your method and working clear.
(7)
(Total 15 marks)

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5.

A linear programming problem in x and y is described as follows.

Maximise P = 5x + 3y
subject to: x . 3
x+y-9
15x + 22y - 165
26x 50y - 325
(a) Add lines and shading to Diagram 1 in the answer book to represent these constraints. Hence
determine the feasible region and label it R.
(4)
(b) Use the objective line method to find the optimal vertex, V, of the feasible region. You must
draw and label your objective line and label vertex V clearly.
(2)
(c) Calculate the exact coordinates of vertex V and hence calculate the corresponding value
of P at V.
(3)
The objective is now to minimise 5x + 3y, where x and y are integers.
(d) Write down the minimum value of 5x + 3y and the corresponding value of x and corresponding
value of y.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

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6.
D(4)

2
A(5)

I(2)

8
K(5)

E(7)
J(8)

B(4)

5
F(9)

C(7)

G(7)
4
H(6)

Figure 4
A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 4. The activities are represented
by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time required, in hours, to complete the
activity. The numbers in circles are the event numbers. Each activity requires one worker.
(a) Explain the significance of the dummy activity
(i) from event 5 to event 6
(ii) from event 7 to event 9
(2)
(b) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late event times.
(4)
(c) State the minimum project completion time.
(1)
(d) Calculate a lower bound for the minimum number of workers required to complete the project
in the minimum time. You must show your working.
(2)
(e) On Grid 1 in your answer book, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart for this project.
(4)
(f) On Grid 2 in your answer book, construct a scheduling diagram to show that this project can
be completed with three workers in just one more hour than the minimum project completion
time.
(3)
(Total 16 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

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P48000A

Write your name here

Surname

Other names

Pearson Edexcel

Centre Number

Candidate Number

International
Advanced Level

Decision Mathematics D1
Advanced/Advanced Subsidiary

Monday 1 February 2016 Afternoon

Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Answer Book
Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Paper Reference

WDM01/01
Total Marks

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1.
1

Figure 1

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Figure 2

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Q1

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(c)
B

17

23

19

G
40

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30
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33

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D
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Q2

(Total 10 marks)

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3.
9.3

15.7

10.9

17.4

6.4

20.1

7.9

8.1

14.0

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12.1

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12.1

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Q3

(Total 15 marks)

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15

21
A

16

13

24

15

Shortest time: _______________________________________________________________

Quickest route: ______________________________________________________________

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10

10

17

Vertex

Key:

25

Order of
labelling

Working values

Final
value

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Q4

(Total 15 marks)

11

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5.
y
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12

10

0
2

10

12

14

16

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10
Diagram 1
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Q5

(Total 11 marks)

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13

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6.

(a)
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(b)
D (4)

K (5)

E (7)

J (8)

B (4)
F (9)

Key:
C (7)

G (7)

H (6)

Early
event
time

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A (5)

I (2)

Late
event
time

Diagram 1

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(e)
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

16

18

20

22

24

26

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Grid 1
(f)

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10

12

14

Q6
Grid 2

(Total 16 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

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