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Surname:_______________________
First Name:_________________________
Student ID NO:_________________________
The University of Sydney
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering
MECH3310 Mechanics of Solid 2
Semester 1, XXXX
Time allowed: Two hours
_____________________________________________________________________
INSTRUCTION
This examination consists of THREE problems.
All problems are to be answered.
Do not take this examination paper out of the room.
Books and notes are not permitted in this examination room.
_____________________________________________________________________
This examination paper consists of seven pages. You are asked to check that your
paper is complete and indicate that you have done so by signing, as provided below.
I have checked this paper and affirm that it is complete.
Signature:______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Note: Students finding an incomplete paper should obtain a replacement from the
Examination Supervisor immediately.
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ESSENTIAL FORMULAS
(i) Equations of motion
xx xy xz
+
+
+ f x = a x ,
y
z
x
yx yy yz
+
+
+ f y = a y ,
y
z
x
zy zz
zx
+
+
+ f z = a z .
x
y
z
(ii) Strain-displacement relations:
u
,
xx =
x
v
,
yy =
y
w
zz =
,
z
xy =
1 u v
+ ,
2 y x
yz =
1 w v
+ ,.
2 y z
zx =
1 u w
+
2 z x
(iii) Generalised Hookes law:
E
{(1 ) xx + ( yy + zz )},
(1 + )(1 2 )
E
{(1 ) yy + ( zz + xx )},
yy =
(1 + )(1 2)
E
{(1 ) zz + ( xx + yy )},
zz =
(1 + )(1 2)
E
xy =
xy ,
1+
E
yz =
yz ,
1+
E
zx =
zx .
1+
xx =
Under plane-stress deformation, they can be simplified to
E xx = xx - yy ,
E yy = yy - xx ,
E xy = (1 + ) xy .
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But under plane-strain deformation, they become
E
=
-
yy ,
2 xx xx
1
1
E
=
-
xx ,
2 yy yy
1
1
E
=
1
+
xy ,
xy
1
1 2
(iv) Stress transformation rule in xy-plane:
(
(
) (
)
1
1
nn = 2 xx + yy + 2 xx yy cos 2 + xy sin 2,
= 1 sin 2 + cos 2.
xx
xy
nt 2 yy
(v) General stress transformation rule:
nx = l xx + m yx + n zx
ny = l xy + m yy + n yz
nz = l xz + m yz + n zz
(vi) Principal strains in a plane deformation state in xy-plane:
1 1
xx yy
+ 2xy ,
= xx + yy
2 2
2
tan 2 =
2 xy
xx yy
(vii) Airy stress function for plane deformation problems:
In Cartesian coordinate system, the relations between stresses and stress function are
2
xx = 2 ,
y
2
yy = 2 ,
x
2
xy =
.
xy
In polar coordinate system, they become
rr =
2
1 1 2
1 1 2
+ 2 2 , = 2 , r = 2
.
r r r
r
r r r
The compatibility equation in terms of stress function is
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4
4
4
+
2
+
=0
x 4
x 2 y 2 y 4
if in Cartesian coordinate system and is
2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2
2+
+ 2 2 2 +
+ 2 2 = 0
r r r r
r r r
r
if in polar coordinate system.
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Problems
Problem 1:
A very thin plate in the xy-plane is subjected to a set of edge forces within the plane,
as illustrated in Fig. 1. Using the strain-gauge technique, one measured that the direct
strains at point A in directions 0o, 90o and 120o with respect to the positive x-direction
are 0, 90 and 120, respectively.
(a) If the out-of-plane strains at the point are yz = xz = 0 and zz = - (xx + yy)/(1
) where is Poissons ratio, find the strains xx, yy, xy and zz in terms of 0, 60
and 120. (15 marks)
(b) If the measured strains are 0 = 0.001, 120 = 0.0005 and 90 = 0.001, determine the
principal strains and their directions at point A. (15 marks)
(c) If the Youngs modulus of the plate material is E = 210GPa and Poissons ratio is
= 0.3, find the principal stresses at the point, 1, 2 and 3, and their direction
cosines, i.e., (l1, m1, n1), (l2, m2, n2) and (l3, m3, n3). (10 marks)
(d) Describe all the boundary conditions of the plate. (10 marks)
(e) Provide the mechanics model of the plate for analysing the stress and deformation
using the finite element method with 16 triangle elements. (10 marks)
Figure 1 A thin plate under in-plane loading.
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Problem 2:
We often use the Airy stress function method to solve plane deformation problems.
(a) Can the following function be used as an Airy stress function? Why?
C
xy 3h2 4 y2 ,
2 h3
where h is a known constant and C is an undetermined constant. (10 marks)
(b) If yes, can this function be used to solve the stresses in the thin cantilever beam
with unit thickness (Fig. 2)? Why? It is known that the applied loads at the right end
of the beam are a concentrated shear force P and a bending moment M. (10 marks)
(c) At which boundary of the beam in Fig. 2 we need to apply Saint-Venants
principle in our solution process? (2 marks). Describe the boundary conditions that
use Saint-Venants principle. (6 marks) Specify the relationship between the length L
and hight h of the beam under which Saint-Venants principle becomes applicable to
this case. (2 marks)
Figure 2 A thin cantilever beam subjected to a concentrated shear
force P and a bending moment M.
Problem 3:
A uniform thin disk of radius R = 1m is rotating with a uniform angular velocity =
500rpm, as shown in Fig. 3. The external pressure on the peripheral surface of the
disk is p0 = 100MPa. It is known that the Youngs modulus and Poissons ratio of the
disk material is E = 210GPa and = 0.3, respectively. Use the solutions listed in
Table 1 below to find the stresses rr and at the centre of the disk. (10 marks)
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Figure 3 A thin, uniform and solid disk subjected to an external
pressure p0 is rotating with a uniform angular velocity .
Table 1 Major stresses in solid and hollow circular disks under
plane-stress deformation
Solid disk of
radius R
Load
rr
Outer pressure po
- po
- po
Angular velocity
3+
8
Hollow disk
of radii Ri and
Ro
R2
1 o
i 2
2
2
Ro Ri
r
Inner pressure pi
Outer pressure po
po
R i2
R2
1 i
2
2
Ro Ri
r2
3+
Angular velocity
2 R 2 r 2
R o2
2 R 2 + R 2
o
R 2R 2
o i r2
r2
3+
2 R 2
pi
1 + 3 2
r
3+
R2
1 + o
2
2
Ro Ri
r2
R i2
po
R2
1 + i
2
2
Ro Ri
r2
3+
8
R o2
R o2 R i2
2
r
2 R 2 + R 2 +
1 + 3
3+
r2
