02000CET292072103

Total Pages: 14
Scheme of Valuation/Answer Key
(Scheme of evaluation (marks in brackets) and answers of problems/key)
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Tech S4 (Hons.) Exam May 2025 (2023 Admn)
Course Code: CET292
Course Name: ADVANCED MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks

1 Write in short on stress invariants. 3

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2 Explain octahedral stress. 3

Also,

3 Explain cubical dilatation. 3

Considering the deformation of a right parallelopiped.

the components of P’Q’, P’R’ and P’S’ along the x, y and z axes

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4 Write in short about Strain Rosettes. 3

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5 Write a short on Generalised Hooke’s Law. 3

Relation between the six rectangular components of stress to the six rectangular
components of strain.
We assume that each of the six independent of strain and vice versa. The mathematical
expressions of this statement are the six stress–strain equations:

6 Which are the Lame’s coefficients for isotropic materials? Write the relations 3
between elastic constants of isotropic material in terms of these coefficients.

The Hooke’s law for an isotropic material will involve two independent elastic constants
λ and μ (or G) as above. They are called Lame’s Coefficients.

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7 List the failure criteria which are satisfactory for ductile materials. 3
a) Maximum Shear-Stress (Tresca) Criterion,

b) Octahedral Shearing Stress Theory

Failure occurs at a point where the values of principal stresses are such that

c) Distortional Energy Density (von Mises) Criterion

8 Explain SN diagram. 3
Conventional fatigue (endurance) testing involves testing of specimens with smooth
surfaces under conditions of rotating-bending or uniaxial tension-compression cycling.
The results of these tests are presented in the form of plots of stress (applied alternating
stress magnitude ±σ) versus the number N of stress cycles (usually represented as log
N) required to cause fracture. These plots are S-N diagrams or σ-N diagrams.

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9 Explain ‘shear flow’ in hollow thin wall torsion members. 3

Hence, the quantity t τ is a constant. This is called the shear flow q, since the
equation is similar to the flow of an incompressible liquid in a tube of varying
area.
10 Explain Prandtl’s membrane analogy. 3
Let a thin homogeneous membrane like a thin rubber sheet be stretched with uniform
tension and fixed at its edge, which is a given curve (the cross-section of the shaft) in
the xy-plane.

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When the
membrane is subjected to a uniform lateral pressure p, it undergoes a small displacement
z where z is a function of x and y. Consider the equilibrium of an infinitesimal element
ABCD of the membrane after deformation. Let F be the uniform tension per unit length
of the membrane. The value of the initial tension F is large enough to ignore its change
when the membrane is blown up by the small pressure p.

Equilibrium in z direction gives Now, if we adjust the

membrane tension F or the air pressure p such that p/F becomes numerically equal to
2Gϴ. The slopes of the membrane are then equal to the shear stresses and these are in
a direction perpendicular to that of the slope. The twisting moment is numerically
equivalent to twice the volume under the membrane.
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) Given the nine rectangular stress components at 5
a point P, derive the expressions for the stress
components on any arbitrary plane passing
through point P. Let the
arbitrary plane be identified by its outward drawn
normal n whose direction cosines are l,m and n.

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for equilibrium in x direction

(fig 1+steps 3+ final expressions 1)

b) I1= 110-86+55 = 79, I2 = -11740, I3 = -718300 (2) 9

σ3 - 79σ2 - 11740σ +718300 = 0
 Principal stresses and principal directions: 3*2 =6
σ1 = 126.9MPa, l= 0.96, m= 0.27, n= 0
σ2 = 55MPa, l= m=0, n= -1
σ3= -102.9 MPa , l= 0.27, m= -0.96, n= 0
Maximum shear stress = (σ1 – σ3)/2 = 114.9MPa (1)

12 a) Derive the differential equations of equilibrium. 5

b) 40 30 20 9
30 20 10 MPa. Determine the normal stress and shear stress on a plane that is
20 10 50
normal to 2i+2j+k

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nx=2/3 =0.67, ny=2/3= 0.67, nz=1/3 = 0.33 (1)

Tx 53.33
Ty 36.67
Tz 36.67
T 74.39

(3)

Normal stress =72.22MPa, (2.5)

Shear stress τ = √(T2-σn2) = 17.81 MPa (2.5)

Module -2
13 a) The displacement field for a body is given by u= [(axy)i+ (axy)j + 2a(x+y)zk, where 7
a= 10-3. Write down the strain tensor at a point (3,2,3).

ϵx = ay , ϵy = ax, ϵz = 2a(x+y), 𝛾xy = a(x+y), 𝛾xz = 2az, 𝛾yz = 2az, (6*0.5=3)

at (3,2,3) ϵx = 0.002 , ϵy = 0.003, ϵz = 0.01, 𝛾xy/2 = 0.0025, 𝛾xz /2= 0.003, 𝛾yz /2= 0.003,
(6*0.5=3)
2 2.5 3
ϵ = 2.5 3 3 10-3 (1)
3 3 10
b) 7

(4)
ϵx = 3x2y , ϵy = 4y2x, 𝛾xy = 2(x+y)x + Cxy

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= = 0, = 2+C, C= -2 (3)

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14 a) The displacement field for a body is given by u= (x2+y2)i+ (3+yz)j+(x2+2y)k. 10

Determine the distance between two points P and Q which were originally at (0,0,1)
and (2,1,-1). Also determine the cubical dilatation at P.
Point P(0,0,1): position vector rp= 0i+0j+1k
Displacement up = 0i+3j+0k
Position vector of P’ rp’ = rp+ up = 0i+3j+1k P’ (0,3,1) (2)
Point Q(2,1,-1): position vector rq= 2i+1j-1k
Displacement uq = 5i+2j+6k
Position vector of Q’ rq’ = rq+ uq = 7i+3j+5k Q’ (7,3,5) (2)
P’Q’ = rq’ - rp’ =7i+0j+4k I P’Q’I = √(7*7+0*0+4*4) = √65 = 8.06 (2)
ϵx = 2x , ϵy = z, ϵz =0, at P(0,0,1) ϵx = 0 , ϵy = 1, ϵz =0, (2)
Cubical dilatation at P=
= ϵx + ϵy + ϵz =1 (2)
b) 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 4
The state of strain at a point is given by the array of terms ϵ= 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟒 10-4.
𝟎 −𝟒 𝟑
Divide it into spherical part and deviatoric part.

e = 1/3 [3+0+3] = 2 (1)

2 0 0 3−2 0 0
ϵ= 0 2 0 + 0 0−2 −4 (3)
0 0 2 0 −4 3−2

Module -3
15 a) The state of strain at a point is given by the array of terms 10
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟑
𝟎 −𝟏. 𝟓 𝟎. 𝟑 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 . Determine stress tensor at this point. Assume E= 200GPa
−𝟑 𝟎. 𝟑 𝟎
and Poisson’s ratio 0.3.

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Method, formula (3)

Lame’s coeff, G (2)

Tensor (5)

b) List Lame’s displacement equations of equilibrium for isotropic materials, in the 4

absence of body force.

16 a) 𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎 10
The state of stress at a point is given by the array of terms. 𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟓 𝟏𝟎 MPa.
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟖
Determine strain tensor. Assume E= 200GPa and Poisson’s ratio 0.3

Method,
formula (5)
Tensor (5)

b) Write the relation between principal stresses and principal strains in terms of 4
Lame’s coefficients.

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Module -4
17 a) A cylindrical bar of 60mm diameter is subjected to a torque of 2kNm, and a 14
bending moment. If the failure of the bar is by yielding in accordance with the
maximum principal stress theory, determine the maximum bending moment that
can be applied in addition to the torque. Yield point of the material is 207 MPa,
and the factor of safety to be used is 3.
According to maximum principal stress theory:

arriving at this expression, starting from failure condition (7)

Put T= 2000 Nm and σy= 207*106 Pa, d = 0.060m
M = 779 Nm
substitution with proper units and final answer (7)

18 a) Obtain the yield criteria for failure and draw the failure planes in 2D stress space 14
by i) Maximum shear stress theory, ii) Octahedral shear stress theory.

i) Max. shear stress theory: Yielding, according to this theory, occurs when the
maximum shearing stress reaches a critical value.

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i) Octahedral shear stress theory: According to this theory, the critical quantity
is the shearing stress on the octahedral plane.

Theory and yield function (4+4)

Fig (Combined or separate) (6)

Module-5
19 a) A solid shaft and a hollow shaft, having equal length and outer diameter are 14
subjected to a torque of 50kNm. Compare the maximum shear stress in the shafts
assuming the outer and inner diameter of the hollow shaft as 200mm and 150mm
respectively. Determine the maximum shear stress, if the same torque is applied to
a shaft of elliptical cross section with major and minor dimensions of 200mm and
120mm respectively.
τ= TR/J

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= × = × = 0.68 Proper steps and correct answer (7)

τmax for elliptical cross section = 2T/(πab2) = 2*50*106/(π*100*602)

= 88.42MPa Correct formula and answer (7)

20 a) A bar of length 1.5m and having the cross section as shown in Fig.1 is subjected to 14
a torque of 750Nm at the ends. Determine the maximum shear stress and angle of
twist of one end relative to the other end, given G= 78GPa. All dimensions in mm.

τmax = 2Gϴ ymax and Gϴ = T/J

 τmax = 2T ymax /J
J = ∑bt3/3
= 2*[(150-5/2)*10^3]/3 + [(250-10)*5^3]/3
=108333.33 mm4 (3)
ymax = 10/2 =5mm on the flange (1)
τmax = 2* 750*1000*5/108333.33 = 69.23MPa (3)
Unit angle of twist, ϴ= T/GJ
= 750*1000/[78*1000*108333.33] = 0.000887rad/mm=0.88rad/m (5)
Twist of the end = 0.88* 1.5 = 1.33 rad = 76.28 degrees (2)

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