Advanced Computing Training School (ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human Advancement
Advanced Explicit Cursor
Concepts
- Jayendra Khatod
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Advanced Computing Training School (ACTS)
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Objectives
Cursors with Parameters
The FOR UPDATE Clause
The WHERE CURRENT OF Clause
Cursors with Sub-queries
REF cursors
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Cursors with Parameters
Syntax
CURSOR cursor_name
[(parameter_name datatype, ...)]
IS
select_statement;
Pass parameter values to a cursor when
the cursor is opened and the query is
executed.
Open an explicit cursor several times
with a different active set each time.
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Cursors with Parameters
Pass the department number and job title to the
WHERE clause.
Example
DECLARE
CURSOR emp_cursor
(p_deptno NUMBER, p_job VARCHAR2) IS
SELECTempno, ename
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = p_deptno
AND job = p_job;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor(10, 'CLERK');
...
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The FOR UPDATE Clause
Syntax
SELECT
...
FROM
...
FOR UPDATE [OF column_reference][NOWAIT];
Explicit locking lets you deny access
for the duration of a transaction.
Lock the rows before the update or
delete.
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The FOR UPDATE Clause
Retrieve the employees who work in department
30.
Example
DECLARE
CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT empno, ename, sal
FROM
emp
WHERE deptno = 30
FOR UPDATE OF sal NOWAIT;
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The WHERE CURRENT OF Clause
Syntax
WHERE CURRENT OF cursor ;
Use cursors to update or delete the
current row.
Include the FOR UPDATE clause in the
cursor query to lock the rows first.
Use the WHERE CURRENT OF clause to
reference the current row from an
explicit cursor.
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The WHERE CURRENT OF Clause
Example
DECLARE
CURSOR sal_cursor IS
SELECT sal FROM emp
WHERE deptno = 30
FOR UPDATE OF sal NOWAIT;
BEGIN
FOR emp_record IN sal_cursor LOOP
UPDATEemp
SET
sal = emp_record.sal * 1.10
WHERE CURRENT OF sal_cursor;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;
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Cursors with Subqueries
Example
DECLARE
CURSOR my_cursor IS
SELECT t1.deptno, t1.dname, t2.STAFF
FROM
dept t1,(SELECT deptno,
count(*) STAFF
FROM
emp
GROUP BY deptno) t2
WHERE t1.deptno = t2.deptno
AND
t2.STAFF >= 5;
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Defining REF CURSOR Types
Define a REF CURSOR type.
Define a REF CURSOR type
TYPE ref_type_name IS REF CURSOR
[RETURN return_type];
Declare a cursor variable of that type.
ref_cv ref_type_name;
Example:
DECLARE
TYPE DeptCurTyp IS REF CURSOR RETURN
departments%ROWTYPE;
dept_cv DeptCurTyp;
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Using the OPEN-FOR, FETCH, and CLOSE Statements
The OPEN-FOR statement associates a cursor
variable with a multirow query, executes the
query, identifies the result set, and positions the
cursor to point to the first row of the result set.
The FETCH statement returns a row from the result
set of a multirow query, assigns the values of
select-list items to corresponding variables or
fields in the INTO clause, increments the count
kept by %ROWCOUNT, and advances the cursor to
the next row.
The CLOSE statement disables a cursor variable.
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An Example of Fetching
DECLARE
TYPE EmpCurTyp IS REF CURSOR;
emp_cv EmpCurTyp;
emp_rec emp%ROWTYPE;
sql_stmt VARCHAR2(200);
my_job VARCHAR2(10) := 'SA_REP';
BEGIN
sql_stmt := 'SELECT * FROM emp
WHERE job_id IN (:j,:x)';
OPEN emp_cv FOR sql_stmt USING my_job, 'AD_VP';
LOOP
FETCH emp_cv INTO emp_rec;
EXIT WHEN emp_cv%NOTFOUND;
dbms_output.put_line (emp_rec.job_id ||' '||
emp_rec.employee_id ||' '||emp_rec.last_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cv;
END;
/
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Summary
You can return different active sets using
cursors with parameters.
You can define cursors with sub-queries
and correlated sub-queries.
You can manipulate explicit cursors with
commands:
FOR UPDATE Clause
WHERE CURRENT OF Clause
REF Cursors
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Thank You !
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