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Solved MDOF Example PDF

This document provides an example of a modal analysis for a two-story building. Key steps include: 1) Defining the mass and stiffness matrices and determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes. 2) Verifying the orthogonality of the mode shapes. 3) Normalizing the first mode shape. 4) Using the response spectrum to estimate maximum base shear and moment considering 5% damping.

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328 views9 pages

Solved MDOF Example PDF

This document provides an example of a modal analysis for a two-story building. Key steps include: 1) Defining the mass and stiffness matrices and determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes. 2) Verifying the orthogonality of the mode shapes. 3) Normalizing the first mode shape. 4) Using the response spectrum to estimate maximum base shear and moment considering 5% damping.

Uploaded by

hillamng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example

Use:
Esteel = 29,000 ksi
Ic = 164.8 in4
h1 = 15 ft
h2 = 12 ft
m=

W lb 40 ft 30 ft
lb s 2
kip s 2

= 30 2
=
93
.
17
=
0
.
09317
g ft 386.4 in s 2
in
in

12EI
EI 48EIc
k column = 3 c k floor i = 412 3c =
h 3i
hi
hi

40 ft

30 ft

Plan View

(a) For the two-story building shown above, define the two-degree-of-freedom free vibration matrix
equation in terms of k and m. Using this matrix equation, determine the natural frequencies 1 and 2
(in terms of k and m). Using these expressions for 1 and 2, plug in numerical values and determine 1
and 2 in radians. For each natural frequency, define and sketch the corresponding mode shape.
(b) Verify that the modes are orthogonal as expected.
(c) Normalize the first mode such that 1Tm1 = 1.0
(d) Use the normalized first mode (from above) to verify that 1Tk1 = 12
(e) Use the El Centro Response Spectrum and a damping ratio of 5% to estimate the maximum base shear
and moment.
(f) Find a 0 and a 1 in c = a 0 m + a 1k for a viscous damping of 5% in modes 1 and 2.

Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example

48 EI c 48(29000 ksi ) 164.8 in 4


k1 =
=
= 39.335 kip in
h13
(180 in )3
k2 =

48 EI c 48(29000 ksi ) 164.8 in 4


=
= 76.826 kip in
h23
(144 in )3

m = 0.09317

kip s 2
in

Write the equation of motion in matrix form:

3m 0 u1 k1 + k 2
0 m u + k

2
2

k 2 u1 0
=
k 2 u2 0

= 2u and rearrange to get


substitute in u

k1 + k 2 2 3m
k 2 u1 0

=
k 2 2 m u2 0
k2

Take the determinant and set equal to zero

k1 + k 2 2 3m
k2
=0
k2
k2 2 m

3m 2 4 mk1 2 4mk 2 2 + k1k 2 = 0


substituting k1, k2, and m:
0.0260419467 4 - 32.2963556 2 + 3021.95071 = 0
Solving this quadratic equation for 2 yields

12 =

+ 32.2963556 1 043.05459 314.789917


0.0520838934

Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser

Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example


+ 32.2963556 + 1 043.05459 314.789917
22 =
0.0520838934
or,
rad 2
= 101.95 2
s
rad 2
22 = 1138 2
s
2
1

rad
s
rad
2 = 33.734
s

1 = 10.097

1
= 1.607 Hz
2

f 2 = 2 = 5.369 Hz
2

1
= 0.6223 Sec
f1
1
T2 =
= 0.1863 Sec
f2

f1 =

T1 =

Determining 1st Mode Shape:

k1 + k 2 12 3m
k 2 11 0
Plug k1, k2, m, and 1 = 10.097 rad/sec into
=
2

k
k
m
2
2
1

21 0

39.335 + 76.826 10.097 2 (3 0.09317 )


11 0
76.826

=
76.826
76.826 10.097 2 (0.09317 ) 21 0

87.665 76.826 11 0
76.826 67.327 = 0

21

87.66511 76.82621 = 0
let 21 = 1 , then

87.66511 76.826(1) = 0

11 =

76.826
= 0.876
87.665

Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example

0.876
= 11 =

21 1.000

Determining 2nd Mode Shape:

k + k 22 3m
k 2 12 0
Plug k1, k2, m, and 2 = 33.734 rad/sec into 1 2
=
k2
k 2 22 m 22 0

39.335 + 76.826 33.734 2 (3 0.09317 )


12 0
76.826

=
2
76.826
76.826 33.734 (0.09317 ) 22 0

201.917 76.826 12 0
76.826 29.200 = 0

22

201.91712 76.82622 = 0
let 22 = 1 , then

201.91712 76.826(1) = 0

12 =

76.826
= 0.380
201.917

0.380
= 12 =

22 1.000

Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
30

30

22 = 1.000

25

25

20

20

height (ft)

height (ft)

21 = 1.000

15

11 = 0.876

12 = -0.380

15

10

10

0
0

0.5

-0.5

1.5

st

0.5

1.5

nd

1 Mode Shape

2 Mode Shape

(b) Verify that the modes are orthogonal as expected.

T
T
To verify that the modes are orthogonal, need to show that
i m j =
i k
T
1m

T
1k

= 0 , for ij

0 0.380
(3)0.09317
2 0.380
= [0.876 1]

= 0 .024485 9.317 x10


=0

0
0.09317 1

39.335 + 76.826 76.826 0.380


0.380
= [0.876 1]

= [24.9310 9.5264]
=0

76.826 1
76.826
1

T
Can also show
2m

= T
2k

=0

(c) Normalize the first mode such that 1Tm1 = 1.0


T
1m

0 0.876
(3)0.09317
= [0.876 1]

= 0.30766
0
0.09317 1

Divide 1 by

0.30766 , therefore

1.5793
= 11 =

21 1.8029

Earthquake Engineering

T
Check:
1m

Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example


0 1.5793
(3)0.09317
= [1.5793 1.8029]

= 1.00
0
0.09317 1.8029

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
ok

(d) Use the normalized first mode (from above) to verify that 1Tk1 = 12

T
1k

2
39.335 + 76.826 76.826 1.5793
rad 2
rad
2
= [1.5793 1.8029]
= 1
= 101.950 2 = 10.097

76.826 1.8029
s
s

76.826

Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example

(e) Use the El Centro Response Spectrum and a damping ratio of 5% to estimate the maximum base shear and
moment.

From Response Spectrum:


For T1 = 0.622 sec and = 5%, D1 = 2.8 in. and A1 = 0.8g = 309.12 in/s2
For T2 = 0.0.186 sec and = 5%, D2 = 0.31 in. and A2 = 0.9g = 347.76 in/s2
f jn =

Ln
An m j jn
Mn

Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example

Li
=
Mi

ji

2
ji

j =1
2

j =1

L1
=
M1

j1

2
j1

j =1
2
j =1

(0.27951)(0.876) + (0.09317 )(1) = 1.0987


m111 + m221
=
2
2
m111 + m221 (0.27951)(0.876)2 + (0.09317 )(1)2

(0.27951)( 0.380) + (0.09317 )(1) = 0.0977


m112 + m222
=
2
2
m112 + m222 (0.27951)( 0.380 )2 + (0.09317 )(1)2

L2
=
M2

j2

2
j2

j =1
2
j =1

f11 =

L1
in
kip s 2

(0.876 ) = 83.159 kips


A1m111 = (1.0987 ) 309.12 2 0.27951
M1
s
in

f12 =

L2
in
kip s 2

( 0.380) = 3.609 kips


A2 m112 = ( 0.0977 ) 347.76 2 0.27951
M2
s
in

f 21 =

L1
in
kip s 2

(1) = 31.643 kips


A1m221 = (1.0987 ) 309.12 2 0.09317
M1
s
in

f 22 =

L2
in
kip s 2

(1) = 3.166 kips


A2 m222 = ( 0.0977 ) 347.76 2 0.09317
M2
s
in

Base Shear
N

V0 n = f jn
j =1

V01 = f j1 = f11 + f 21 = 83.159 kips + 31.643 kips = 114.80 kips


j =1

V02 = f j 2 = f12 + f 22 = 3.609 kips 3.166 kips = 0.443 kips


j =1

Calculate Maximum Base Shear, V0 max


8

Earthquake Engineering

Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example

(V01 )2 + (V02 )2

V0 max =

(114.80 kips )2 + (0.443 kips )2

= 114.80 kips

Base Moment
N

M 0 n = f jn d j
j =1

M 01 = f j1d j = f11d1 + f 21d 2 = 83.159 kips(180 in ) + 31.643 kips(324 in ) = 25221.0 kips in


j =1

M 02 = f j 2 d j = f12 d1 + f 22 d 2 = 3.609 kips(180 in ) 3.166 kips(324 in ) = 376.16 kips in


j =1

Calculate Maximum Base Moment, M0 max


M 0 max =

(M 01 )2 + (M 02 )2

(25221.0 kips in )2 + ( 376.16 kips in )2

= 25223.8 kips in = 2102.0 kips ft

(f) Find a 0 and a 1 in c = a 0 m + a 1k for a viscous damping of 5% in modes 1 and 2.


1 = 2 = = 0.05

a0 =

a1 =

2i j

i + j

= (0.05)

2(10.097 rad s )(33.734 rad s )


= 0.777 rad s
10.097 rad s + 33.734 rad s

2
2
1
= (0.05)
= 0.00228
10.097 rad s + 33.734 rad s
i + j
rad s

a0 = 0.777 rad s & a1 = 0.00228 s rad

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